Spreading and multi-wavelength emissions of an ultra-narrow relativistic jet from GRB 221009A
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Geng, Jin-Jun Zhang, Ying-Kang Gao, Hao-Xuan Xu, Fan Li, Bing Sun, Tian-Rui Wang, Ai-Ling Xu, Zhi-Jun Liu, Yuan-Qi Yang, Jun Hu, Chen-Ran Rhodes, Lauren Li, Liang Wang, Yu Li, Ye Xiao, Di Ren, Jia Zhang, Bing An, Tao Wu, Xue-Feng Huang, Yong-Feng Dai, Zi-Gao |
| author_facet | Geng, Jin-Jun Zhang, Ying-Kang Gao, Hao-Xuan Xu, Fan Li, Bing Sun, Tian-Rui Wang, Ai-Ling Xu, Zhi-Jun Liu, Yuan-Qi Yang, Jun Hu, Chen-Ran Rhodes, Lauren Li, Liang Wang, Yu Li, Ye Xiao, Di Ren, Jia Zhang, Bing An, Tao Wu, Xue-Feng Huang, Yong-Feng Dai, Zi-Gao |
| contents | The long-term evolution of relativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), particularly from days to months post-burst, remains a fundamental puzzle in astrophysics. Here, we report our very long baseline interferometry observation of the brightest GRB 221009A from 5 to 26 days post-burst. Combined with released data, we uncover a remarkable two-stage evolution of the jet lateral size. The jet size initially grew slowly but later expanded rapidly, challenging conventional scenarios. The slow-evolving stage provides a robust lower limit on the jet opening angle and direct evidence of jet propagation in the uniform interstellar medium at this period. The synergy analysis of the whole jet size evolution and multi-wavelength emissions uncovers that GRB 221009A harbors an ultra-narrow jet (with a half-opening angle $\simeq$ 0.01-0.03~radian) that propagates through a wind-like medium before encountering the interstellar medium, which finally undergoes lateral spreading after significant deceleration. These findings provide crucial new insights into relativistic jet dynamics and establish GRB 221009A as a unique case study for understanding the complex physics of GRB outflows. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_17765 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spreading and multi-wavelength emissions of an ultra-narrow relativistic jet from GRB 221009A Geng, Jin-Jun Zhang, Ying-Kang Gao, Hao-Xuan Xu, Fan Li, Bing Sun, Tian-Rui Wang, Ai-Ling Xu, Zhi-Jun Liu, Yuan-Qi Yang, Jun Hu, Chen-Ran Rhodes, Lauren Li, Liang Wang, Yu Li, Ye Xiao, Di Ren, Jia Zhang, Bing An, Tao Wu, Xue-Feng Huang, Yong-Feng Dai, Zi-Gao High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena The long-term evolution of relativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), particularly from days to months post-burst, remains a fundamental puzzle in astrophysics. Here, we report our very long baseline interferometry observation of the brightest GRB 221009A from 5 to 26 days post-burst. Combined with released data, we uncover a remarkable two-stage evolution of the jet lateral size. The jet size initially grew slowly but later expanded rapidly, challenging conventional scenarios. The slow-evolving stage provides a robust lower limit on the jet opening angle and direct evidence of jet propagation in the uniform interstellar medium at this period. The synergy analysis of the whole jet size evolution and multi-wavelength emissions uncovers that GRB 221009A harbors an ultra-narrow jet (with a half-opening angle $\simeq$ 0.01-0.03~radian) that propagates through a wind-like medium before encountering the interstellar medium, which finally undergoes lateral spreading after significant deceleration. These findings provide crucial new insights into relativistic jet dynamics and establish GRB 221009A as a unique case study for understanding the complex physics of GRB outflows. |
| title | Spreading and multi-wavelength emissions of an ultra-narrow relativistic jet from GRB 221009A |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.17765 |