Self-Organized Criticality Across Thirteen Orders of Magnitude in the Solar-Stellar Connection
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866912289803730944 |
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| author | Aschwanden, Markus J. Carolus Schrijver, J. |
| author_facet | Aschwanden, Markus J. Carolus Schrijver, J. |
| contents | The observed size distributions of solar and stellar flares is found to be consistent with the predictions of the fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality (FD-SOC) model, which predicts power law slopes with universal constants of $α_F=(9/5)=1.80$ for the flux, and $α_E=(5/3)\approx 1.67$ for the fluence, respectively. In this Letter we explore the solar-stellar connection under this aspect, which extends over an unprecedented dynamic range of 13 orders of magnitude between the smallest detected solar nanoflare event ($E_{min}=10^{24}$ erg) and the largest superflare ($E_{max}=10^{37}$ erg) on solar-like G-type stars, observed with the KEPLER mission. The FD-SOC model predicts a scaling law of $L \propto E^{(2/9)}$ for the length scale $L$ as a function of the flare energy $E$, which limits the largest flare size to $L_{max} \lapprox 0.14 R_\odot$ for solar flares, and $L_{stellar} \lapprox 1.04\ R_{\odot}$ for stellar flares on G-type stars. In the overall we conclude that the universality of power laws (and their slopes) is a consequence of SOC properties (fractality, classical diffusion, scale-freeness, volume-flux proportionality), rather than identical physical processes at different wavelengths. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_18136 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Self-Organized Criticality Across Thirteen Orders of Magnitude in the Solar-Stellar Connection Aschwanden, Markus J. Carolus Schrijver, J. Solar and Stellar Astrophysics The observed size distributions of solar and stellar flares is found to be consistent with the predictions of the fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality (FD-SOC) model, which predicts power law slopes with universal constants of $α_F=(9/5)=1.80$ for the flux, and $α_E=(5/3)\approx 1.67$ for the fluence, respectively. In this Letter we explore the solar-stellar connection under this aspect, which extends over an unprecedented dynamic range of 13 orders of magnitude between the smallest detected solar nanoflare event ($E_{min}=10^{24}$ erg) and the largest superflare ($E_{max}=10^{37}$ erg) on solar-like G-type stars, observed with the KEPLER mission. The FD-SOC model predicts a scaling law of $L \propto E^{(2/9)}$ for the length scale $L$ as a function of the flare energy $E$, which limits the largest flare size to $L_{max} \lapprox 0.14 R_\odot$ for solar flares, and $L_{stellar} \lapprox 1.04\ R_{\odot}$ for stellar flares on G-type stars. In the overall we conclude that the universality of power laws (and their slopes) is a consequence of SOC properties (fractality, classical diffusion, scale-freeness, volume-flux proportionality), rather than identical physical processes at different wavelengths. |
| title | Self-Organized Criticality Across Thirteen Orders of Magnitude in the Solar-Stellar Connection |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18136 |