Interpreting Cosmic Birefringence and DESI Data with Evolving Axion in $Λ$CDM

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Hauptverfasser: Nakagawa, Shota, Nakai, Yuichiro, Qiu, Yu-Cheng, Yamada, Masaki
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Nakagawa, Shota
Nakai, Yuichiro
Qiu, Yu-Cheng
Yamada, Masaki
author_facet Nakagawa, Shota
Nakai, Yuichiro
Qiu, Yu-Cheng
Yamada, Masaki
contents Recent cosmological observations have revealed growing tensions with the standard $Λ$CDM model, including indications of isotropic cosmic birefringence and deviations from $w = -1$ in the dark energy equation of state, as suggested by DESI and supernova measurements. In this paper, we point out that such deviations can arise even from a subdominant energy density component. We then propose a unified framework based on a dynamical axion field that simultaneously accounts for both anomalies, providing a simple and natural extension of the standard $Λ$CDM model. In our scenario, the axion field with $2H_0\lesssim m\lesssim 6H_0$, where $H_0$ is the current Hubble constant, induces a nonzero rotation of the CMB polarization plane and modifies the present-day dark energy equation of state. This framework accommodates recent observational data with natural parameter choices, even for a string axion with a decay constant of order $10^{17}\,$GeV.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_18924
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Interpreting Cosmic Birefringence and DESI Data with Evolving Axion in $Λ$CDM
Nakagawa, Shota
Nakai, Yuichiro
Qiu, Yu-Cheng
Yamada, Masaki
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
Recent cosmological observations have revealed growing tensions with the standard $Λ$CDM model, including indications of isotropic cosmic birefringence and deviations from $w = -1$ in the dark energy equation of state, as suggested by DESI and supernova measurements. In this paper, we point out that such deviations can arise even from a subdominant energy density component. We then propose a unified framework based on a dynamical axion field that simultaneously accounts for both anomalies, providing a simple and natural extension of the standard $Λ$CDM model. In our scenario, the axion field with $2H_0\lesssim m\lesssim 6H_0$, where $H_0$ is the current Hubble constant, induces a nonzero rotation of the CMB polarization plane and modifies the present-day dark energy equation of state. This framework accommodates recent observational data with natural parameter choices, even for a string axion with a decay constant of order $10^{17}\,$GeV.
title Interpreting Cosmic Birefringence and DESI Data with Evolving Axion in $Λ$CDM
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18924