Bound Dark Energy: a particle's origin of dark energy
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arXiv
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909551157051392 |
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| author | de la Macorra, Axel Torres, Jose Agustin Lozano |
| author_facet | de la Macorra, Axel Torres, Jose Agustin Lozano |
| contents | Dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the accelerated cosmic expansion of the universe, is conventionally described as a cosmological constant in the standard $Λ$CDM model. However, measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) reports a $> 2.5σ$ preference for dynamical dark energy, with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data favoring a time varying equation of state $w(z)$ over the cosmological constant ($w=-1$). We present the Bound Dark Energy (BDE) model, where dark energy originates from the lightest meson field $ϕ$ in a dark SU(3) gauge sector, emerging dynamically via non perturbative interactions. Governed by an inverse-power-law potential $V(ϕ)=Λ_{c}^{4 + 2/3}ϕ^{-2/3}$, BDE has no free parameters, one less than $Λ$CDM and three less than $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM models. Combining the DESI BAO measurements, cosmic microwave background data, and Dark Energy Survey SN Ia distance measurements from the fifth year, BDE achieves a $42\%$ and $37\%$ reduction in the reduced $χ^{2}_{BAO}$ compared to $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM and $Λ$CDM, respectively, while having an equivalent fit for type Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background data. The model predicts a dark energy equation of state transitioning from radiation like $w=1/3$ at early times ($a < a_{c}$) to $ w_{0}=-0.9301 \pm 0.0004$ at present time. The ($w_{0},w_{a}$) contour is 10,000 times smaller in BDE than in $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM model, while having an equivalent cosmological fit. Key parameters the condensation energy scale $Λ_{c}=43.806 \pm 0.19$ eV and epoch $a_{c}=2.4972 \pm 0.011 \times 10^{-6}$ align with high-energy physics predictions. These results, consistent with current observational bounds, establish BDE as a predictive framework that unifies particle physics and cosmology, offering a first-principles resolution to dark energy dynamical nature. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_19098 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Bound Dark Energy: a particle's origin of dark energy de la Macorra, Axel Torres, Jose Agustin Lozano Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Dark energy, the enigmatic force driving the accelerated cosmic expansion of the universe, is conventionally described as a cosmological constant in the standard $Λ$CDM model. However, measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) reports a $> 2.5σ$ preference for dynamical dark energy, with baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data favoring a time varying equation of state $w(z)$ over the cosmological constant ($w=-1$). We present the Bound Dark Energy (BDE) model, where dark energy originates from the lightest meson field $ϕ$ in a dark SU(3) gauge sector, emerging dynamically via non perturbative interactions. Governed by an inverse-power-law potential $V(ϕ)=Λ_{c}^{4 + 2/3}ϕ^{-2/3}$, BDE has no free parameters, one less than $Λ$CDM and three less than $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM models. Combining the DESI BAO measurements, cosmic microwave background data, and Dark Energy Survey SN Ia distance measurements from the fifth year, BDE achieves a $42\%$ and $37\%$ reduction in the reduced $χ^{2}_{BAO}$ compared to $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM and $Λ$CDM, respectively, while having an equivalent fit for type Ia supernovae and the cosmic microwave background data. The model predicts a dark energy equation of state transitioning from radiation like $w=1/3$ at early times ($a < a_{c}$) to $ w_{0}=-0.9301 \pm 0.0004$ at present time. The ($w_{0},w_{a}$) contour is 10,000 times smaller in BDE than in $w_{0}w_{a}$CDM model, while having an equivalent cosmological fit. Key parameters the condensation energy scale $Λ_{c}=43.806 \pm 0.19$ eV and epoch $a_{c}=2.4972 \pm 0.011 \times 10^{-6}$ align with high-energy physics predictions. These results, consistent with current observational bounds, establish BDE as a predictive framework that unifies particle physics and cosmology, offering a first-principles resolution to dark energy dynamical nature. |
| title | Bound Dark Energy: a particle's origin of dark energy |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.19098 |