An Overview of Low-Rank Structures in the Training and Adaptation of Large Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Balzano, Laura, Ding, Tianjiao, Haeffele, Benjamin D., Kwon, Soo Min, Qu, Qing, Wang, Peng, Wang, Zhangyang, Yaras, Can
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866910010251935744
author Balzano, Laura
Ding, Tianjiao
Haeffele, Benjamin D.
Kwon, Soo Min
Qu, Qing
Wang, Peng
Wang, Zhangyang
Yaras, Can
author_facet Balzano, Laura
Ding, Tianjiao
Haeffele, Benjamin D.
Kwon, Soo Min
Qu, Qing
Wang, Peng
Wang, Zhangyang
Yaras, Can
contents The substantial computational demands of modern large-scale deep learning present significant challenges for efficient training and deployment. Recent research has revealed a widespread phenomenon wherein deep networks inherently learn low-rank structures in their weights and representations during training. This tutorial paper provides a comprehensive review of advances in identifying and exploiting these low-rank structures, bridging mathematical foundations with practical applications. We present two complementary theoretical perspectives on the emergence of low-rankness: viewing it through the optimization dynamics of gradient descent throughout training, and understanding it as a result of implicit regularization effects at convergence. Practically, these theoretical perspectives provide a foundation for understanding the success of techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) in fine-tuning, inspire new parameter-efficient low-rank training strategies, and explain the effectiveness of masked training approaches like dropout and masked self-supervised learning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_19859
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Overview of Low-Rank Structures in the Training and Adaptation of Large Models
Balzano, Laura
Ding, Tianjiao
Haeffele, Benjamin D.
Kwon, Soo Min
Qu, Qing
Wang, Peng
Wang, Zhangyang
Yaras, Can
Machine Learning
Signal Processing
Optimization and Control
Computation
The substantial computational demands of modern large-scale deep learning present significant challenges for efficient training and deployment. Recent research has revealed a widespread phenomenon wherein deep networks inherently learn low-rank structures in their weights and representations during training. This tutorial paper provides a comprehensive review of advances in identifying and exploiting these low-rank structures, bridging mathematical foundations with practical applications. We present two complementary theoretical perspectives on the emergence of low-rankness: viewing it through the optimization dynamics of gradient descent throughout training, and understanding it as a result of implicit regularization effects at convergence. Practically, these theoretical perspectives provide a foundation for understanding the success of techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) in fine-tuning, inspire new parameter-efficient low-rank training strategies, and explain the effectiveness of masked training approaches like dropout and masked self-supervised learning.
title An Overview of Low-Rank Structures in the Training and Adaptation of Large Models
topic Machine Learning
Signal Processing
Optimization and Control
Computation
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.19859