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Main Authors: Jeon, Hanul, Lutz, Patrick, Pakhomov, Fedor, Walsh, James
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20470
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author Jeon, Hanul
Lutz, Patrick
Pakhomov, Fedor
Walsh, James
author_facet Jeon, Hanul
Lutz, Patrick
Pakhomov, Fedor
Walsh, James
contents Ranking theories according to their strength is a recurring motif in mathematical logic. We introduce a new ranking of arbitrary (not necessarily recursively axiomatized) theories in terms of the encoding power of their $β$-models: $T\prec_βU$ if every $β$-model of $U$ contains a countable coded $β$-model of $T$. The restriction of $\prec_β$ to theories with $β$-models is well-founded. We establish fundamental properties of the attendant ranking. First, though there are continuum-many theories, every theory has countable $\prec_β$-rank. Second, the $\prec_β$-ranks of $\mathcal{L}_\in$ theories are cofinal in $ω_1$. Third, assuming $V=L$, the $\prec_β$-ranks of $\mathcal{L}_2$ theories are cofinal in $ω_1$. Finally, $δ^1_2$ is the supremum of the $\prec_β$-ranks of finitely axiomatized theories.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_20470
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Ranking theories via encoded $β$-models
Jeon, Hanul
Lutz, Patrick
Pakhomov, Fedor
Walsh, James
Logic
Ranking theories according to their strength is a recurring motif in mathematical logic. We introduce a new ranking of arbitrary (not necessarily recursively axiomatized) theories in terms of the encoding power of their $β$-models: $T\prec_βU$ if every $β$-model of $U$ contains a countable coded $β$-model of $T$. The restriction of $\prec_β$ to theories with $β$-models is well-founded. We establish fundamental properties of the attendant ranking. First, though there are continuum-many theories, every theory has countable $\prec_β$-rank. Second, the $\prec_β$-ranks of $\mathcal{L}_\in$ theories are cofinal in $ω_1$. Third, assuming $V=L$, the $\prec_β$-ranks of $\mathcal{L}_2$ theories are cofinal in $ω_1$. Finally, $δ^1_2$ is the supremum of the $\prec_β$-ranks of finitely axiomatized theories.
title Ranking theories via encoded $β$-models
topic Logic
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20470