_version_ 1866913762126069760
author Liu, Minzhao
Shaydulin, Ruslan
Niroula, Pradeep
DeCross, Matthew
Hung, Shih-Han
Kon, Wen Yu
Cervero-Martín, Enrique
Chakraborty, Kaushik
Amer, Omar
Aaronson, Scott
Acharya, Atithi
Alexeev, Yuri
Berg, K. Jordan
Chakrabarti, Shouvanik
Curchod, Florian J.
Dreiling, Joan M.
Erickson, Neal
Foltz, Cameron
Foss-Feig, Michael
Hayes, David
Humble, Travis S.
Kumar, Niraj
Larson, Jeffrey
Lykov, Danylo
Mills, Michael
Moses, Steven A.
Neyenhuis, Brian
Eloul, Shaltiel
Siegfried, Peter
Walker, James
Lim, Charles
Pistoia, Marco
author_facet Liu, Minzhao
Shaydulin, Ruslan
Niroula, Pradeep
DeCross, Matthew
Hung, Shih-Han
Kon, Wen Yu
Cervero-Martín, Enrique
Chakraborty, Kaushik
Amer, Omar
Aaronson, Scott
Acharya, Atithi
Alexeev, Yuri
Berg, K. Jordan
Chakrabarti, Shouvanik
Curchod, Florian J.
Dreiling, Joan M.
Erickson, Neal
Foltz, Cameron
Foss-Feig, Michael
Hayes, David
Humble, Travis S.
Kumar, Niraj
Larson, Jeffrey
Lykov, Danylo
Mills, Michael
Moses, Steven A.
Neyenhuis, Brian
Eloul, Shaltiel
Siegfried, Peter
Walker, James
Lim, Charles
Pistoia, Marco
contents While quantum computers have the potential to perform a wide range of practically important tasks beyond the capabilities of classical computers, realizing this potential remains a challenge. One such task is to use an untrusted remote device to generate random bits that can be certified to contain a certain amount of entropy. Certified randomness has many applications but is fundamentally impossible to achieve solely by classical computation. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of certifiably random bits using the 56-qubit Quantinuum H2-1 trapped-ion quantum computer accessed over the internet. Our protocol leverages the classical hardness of recent random circuit sampling demonstrations: a client generates quantum "challenge" circuits using a small randomness seed, sends them to an untrusted quantum server to execute, and verifies the server's results. We analyze the security of our protocol against a restricted class of realistic near-term adversaries. Using classical verification with measured combined sustained performance of $1.1\times10^{18}$ floating-point operations per second across multiple supercomputers, we certify $71,313$ bits of entropy under this restricted adversary and additional assumptions. Our results demonstrate a step towards the practical applicability of today's quantum computers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_20498
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Certified randomness using a trapped-ion quantum processor
Liu, Minzhao
Shaydulin, Ruslan
Niroula, Pradeep
DeCross, Matthew
Hung, Shih-Han
Kon, Wen Yu
Cervero-Martín, Enrique
Chakraborty, Kaushik
Amer, Omar
Aaronson, Scott
Acharya, Atithi
Alexeev, Yuri
Berg, K. Jordan
Chakrabarti, Shouvanik
Curchod, Florian J.
Dreiling, Joan M.
Erickson, Neal
Foltz, Cameron
Foss-Feig, Michael
Hayes, David
Humble, Travis S.
Kumar, Niraj
Larson, Jeffrey
Lykov, Danylo
Mills, Michael
Moses, Steven A.
Neyenhuis, Brian
Eloul, Shaltiel
Siegfried, Peter
Walker, James
Lim, Charles
Pistoia, Marco
Quantum Physics
Cryptography and Security
Emerging Technologies
While quantum computers have the potential to perform a wide range of practically important tasks beyond the capabilities of classical computers, realizing this potential remains a challenge. One such task is to use an untrusted remote device to generate random bits that can be certified to contain a certain amount of entropy. Certified randomness has many applications but is fundamentally impossible to achieve solely by classical computation. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of certifiably random bits using the 56-qubit Quantinuum H2-1 trapped-ion quantum computer accessed over the internet. Our protocol leverages the classical hardness of recent random circuit sampling demonstrations: a client generates quantum "challenge" circuits using a small randomness seed, sends them to an untrusted quantum server to execute, and verifies the server's results. We analyze the security of our protocol against a restricted class of realistic near-term adversaries. Using classical verification with measured combined sustained performance of $1.1\times10^{18}$ floating-point operations per second across multiple supercomputers, we certify $71,313$ bits of entropy under this restricted adversary and additional assumptions. Our results demonstrate a step towards the practical applicability of today's quantum computers.
title Certified randomness using a trapped-ion quantum processor
topic Quantum Physics
Cryptography and Security
Emerging Technologies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20498