Explainable ICD Coding via Entity Linking

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Barreiros, Leonor, Coutinho, Isabel, Correia, Gonçalo M., Martins, Bruno
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Barreiros, Leonor
Coutinho, Isabel
Correia, Gonçalo M.
Martins, Bruno
author_facet Barreiros, Leonor
Coutinho, Isabel
Correia, Gonçalo M.
Martins, Bruno
contents Clinical coding is a critical task in healthcare, although traditional methods for automating clinical coding may not provide sufficient explicit evidence for coders in production environments. This evidence is crucial, as medical coders have to make sure there exists at least one explicit passage in the input health record that justifies the attribution of a code. We therefore propose to reframe the task as an entity linking problem, in which each document is annotated with its set of codes and respective textual evidence, enabling better human-machine collaboration. By leveraging parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs), together with constrained decoding, we introduce three approaches to solve this problem that prove effective at disambiguating clinical mentions and that perform well in few-shot scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_20508
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explainable ICD Coding via Entity Linking
Barreiros, Leonor
Coutinho, Isabel
Correia, Gonçalo M.
Martins, Bruno
Computation and Language
Clinical coding is a critical task in healthcare, although traditional methods for automating clinical coding may not provide sufficient explicit evidence for coders in production environments. This evidence is crucial, as medical coders have to make sure there exists at least one explicit passage in the input health record that justifies the attribution of a code. We therefore propose to reframe the task as an entity linking problem, in which each document is annotated with its set of codes and respective textual evidence, enabling better human-machine collaboration. By leveraging parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs), together with constrained decoding, we introduce three approaches to solve this problem that prove effective at disambiguating clinical mentions and that perform well in few-shot scenarios.
title Explainable ICD Coding via Entity Linking
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20508