The Parallel Ionizing Emissivity Survey (PIE). I. Survey design and selection of candidate Lyman Continuum leakers at 3.1<z<3.5

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Main Authors: Beckett, Alexander, Rafelski, Marc, Scarlata, Claudia, Hu, Wanjia, Kim, Keunho, Goovaerts, Ilias, Malkan, Matthew A., Webb, Wayne, Teplitz, Harry, Hayes, Matthew, Mehta, Vihang, Alavi, Anahita, Bunker, Andrew J., Citro, Annalisa, Hathi, Nimish, Henry, Alaina, Reste, Alexandra Le, Moretti, Alessia, Rutkowski, Michael J., Trebitsch, Maxime, Zanella, Anita
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Beckett, Alexander
Rafelski, Marc
Scarlata, Claudia
Hu, Wanjia
Kim, Keunho
Goovaerts, Ilias
Malkan, Matthew A.
Webb, Wayne
Teplitz, Harry
Hayes, Matthew
Mehta, Vihang
Alavi, Anahita
Bunker, Andrew J.
Citro, Annalisa
Hathi, Nimish
Henry, Alaina
Reste, Alexandra Le
Moretti, Alessia
Rutkowski, Michael J.
Trebitsch, Maxime
Zanella, Anita
author_facet Beckett, Alexander
Rafelski, Marc
Scarlata, Claudia
Hu, Wanjia
Kim, Keunho
Goovaerts, Ilias
Malkan, Matthew A.
Webb, Wayne
Teplitz, Harry
Hayes, Matthew
Mehta, Vihang
Alavi, Anahita
Bunker, Andrew J.
Citro, Annalisa
Hathi, Nimish
Henry, Alaina
Reste, Alexandra Le
Moretti, Alessia
Rutkowski, Michael J.
Trebitsch, Maxime
Zanella, Anita
contents We present the survey design and initial results from the Parallel Ionizing Emissivity (PIE) survey. PIE is a large HST survey designed to detect Lyman continuum (LyC) emitting galaxies at 3.1$<$ z $<$3.5 and stack their images in order to measure average LyC escape fractions as a function of galaxy properties. PIE has imaged 37 independent fields in three filters (F336W, F625W and F814W), of which 18 are observed with a fourth band (F475W) from the accompanying PIE+ program. We use photometric colors to select candidate Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at 3.1$<$ z $<$3.5, which can be followed up using ground-based spectrographs to confirm their redshifts. Unlike previous surveys, we use many independent fields to remove biases caused by correlated absorption in the IGM. In this paper, we describe the survey design, photometric measurements, and the use of mock galaxy samples to optimize our color selection. With 3 filters, we can select a galaxy sample of which $\approx$90\% are LBGs and over 30\% lie in the 3.1$<$ z $<$3.5 range for which we can detect uncontaminated LyC emission in F336W. We also use mock IGM sightlines to measure the expected transmission of the IGM, which will allow us to determine escape fractions from our stacked galaxies. We color-select $\approx$1400 galaxies, and predict that this includes $\approx$80 LyC-emitting galaxies and $\approx$500 that we can use in stacking. Finally, we present the Keck/LRIS spectrum of a galaxy at z $\approx$ 2.99, demonstrating that we can confirm the redshifts of z $\sim$ 3 galaxies from the ground.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_20878
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Parallel Ionizing Emissivity Survey (PIE). I. Survey design and selection of candidate Lyman Continuum leakers at 3.1<z<3.5
Beckett, Alexander
Rafelski, Marc
Scarlata, Claudia
Hu, Wanjia
Kim, Keunho
Goovaerts, Ilias
Malkan, Matthew A.
Webb, Wayne
Teplitz, Harry
Hayes, Matthew
Mehta, Vihang
Alavi, Anahita
Bunker, Andrew J.
Citro, Annalisa
Hathi, Nimish
Henry, Alaina
Reste, Alexandra Le
Moretti, Alessia
Rutkowski, Michael J.
Trebitsch, Maxime
Zanella, Anita
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We present the survey design and initial results from the Parallel Ionizing Emissivity (PIE) survey. PIE is a large HST survey designed to detect Lyman continuum (LyC) emitting galaxies at 3.1$<$ z $<$3.5 and stack their images in order to measure average LyC escape fractions as a function of galaxy properties. PIE has imaged 37 independent fields in three filters (F336W, F625W and F814W), of which 18 are observed with a fourth band (F475W) from the accompanying PIE+ program. We use photometric colors to select candidate Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at 3.1$<$ z $<$3.5, which can be followed up using ground-based spectrographs to confirm their redshifts. Unlike previous surveys, we use many independent fields to remove biases caused by correlated absorption in the IGM. In this paper, we describe the survey design, photometric measurements, and the use of mock galaxy samples to optimize our color selection. With 3 filters, we can select a galaxy sample of which $\approx$90\% are LBGs and over 30\% lie in the 3.1$<$ z $<$3.5 range for which we can detect uncontaminated LyC emission in F336W. We also use mock IGM sightlines to measure the expected transmission of the IGM, which will allow us to determine escape fractions from our stacked galaxies. We color-select $\approx$1400 galaxies, and predict that this includes $\approx$80 LyC-emitting galaxies and $\approx$500 that we can use in stacking. Finally, we present the Keck/LRIS spectrum of a galaxy at z $\approx$ 2.99, demonstrating that we can confirm the redshifts of z $\sim$ 3 galaxies from the ground.
title The Parallel Ionizing Emissivity Survey (PIE). I. Survey design and selection of candidate Lyman Continuum leakers at 3.1<z<3.5
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20878