Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866915484949020672 |
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| author | Dhandha, Jiten Fialkov, Anastasia Gessey-Jones, Thomas Bevins, Harry T. J. Tacchella, Sandro Pochinda, Simon Acedo, Eloy de Lera Singh, Saurabh Barkana, Rennan |
| author_facet | Dhandha, Jiten Fialkov, Anastasia Gessey-Jones, Thomas Bevins, Harry T. J. Tacchella, Sandro Pochinda, Simon Acedo, Eloy de Lera Singh, Saurabh Barkana, Rennan |
| contents | In the current era of JWST, we continue to uncover a wealth of information about the Universe deep into the Epoch of Reionization. In this work, we use a suite of simulations with 21cmSPACE, to explore the astrophysical properties of early galaxies and their imprint on high-redshift observables. Our analysis incorporates a range of multi-wavelength datasets including UV luminosity functions (UVLFs) from HST and JWST spanning $z=6-14.5$, the 21-cm global signal and power spectrum limits from SARAS 3 and HERA respectively, as well as present-day diffuse X-ray and radio backgrounds. We constrain a flexible halo-mass and redshift dependent model of star-formation efficiency (SFE), defined as the fraction of gas converted into stars, and find that it is best described by minimal redshift evolution at $z\approx 6-10$, followed by rapid evolution at $z\approx10-15$. Using Bayesian inference, we derive functional posteriors of the SFE, inferring that halos of mass $M_h=10^{10}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ have efficiencies of $\approx 1 - 2\%$ at $z\lesssim10$, $\approx8\%$ at $z=12$ and $\approx21\%$ at $z=15$. We also highlight the synergy between UVLFs and global 21-cm signal from SARAS 3 in constraining the minimum virial conditions required for star-formation in halos. In parallel, we find the X-ray and radio efficiencies of early galaxies to be $f_X = 0.8^{+9.7}_{-0.4}$ and $f_r \lesssim 16.9$ respectively, improving upon previous works that exclude UVLF data. Our results underscore the critical role of UVLFs in constraining early galaxy properties, and their synergy with 21-cm and other multi-wavelength observations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_21687 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe Dhandha, Jiten Fialkov, Anastasia Gessey-Jones, Thomas Bevins, Harry T. J. Tacchella, Sandro Pochinda, Simon Acedo, Eloy de Lera Singh, Saurabh Barkana, Rennan Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics In the current era of JWST, we continue to uncover a wealth of information about the Universe deep into the Epoch of Reionization. In this work, we use a suite of simulations with 21cmSPACE, to explore the astrophysical properties of early galaxies and their imprint on high-redshift observables. Our analysis incorporates a range of multi-wavelength datasets including UV luminosity functions (UVLFs) from HST and JWST spanning $z=6-14.5$, the 21-cm global signal and power spectrum limits from SARAS 3 and HERA respectively, as well as present-day diffuse X-ray and radio backgrounds. We constrain a flexible halo-mass and redshift dependent model of star-formation efficiency (SFE), defined as the fraction of gas converted into stars, and find that it is best described by minimal redshift evolution at $z\approx 6-10$, followed by rapid evolution at $z\approx10-15$. Using Bayesian inference, we derive functional posteriors of the SFE, inferring that halos of mass $M_h=10^{10}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ have efficiencies of $\approx 1 - 2\%$ at $z\lesssim10$, $\approx8\%$ at $z=12$ and $\approx21\%$ at $z=15$. We also highlight the synergy between UVLFs and global 21-cm signal from SARAS 3 in constraining the minimum virial conditions required for star-formation in halos. In parallel, we find the X-ray and radio efficiencies of early galaxies to be $f_X = 0.8^{+9.7}_{-0.4}$ and $f_r \lesssim 16.9$ respectively, improving upon previous works that exclude UVLF data. Our results underscore the critical role of UVLFs in constraining early galaxy properties, and their synergy with 21-cm and other multi-wavelength observations. |
| title | Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21687 |