Low-noise environment for probing fundamental symmetries
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866908588474105856 |
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| author | Collings, F. J. Fitch, N. J. Jenkins, R. A. Dyne, J. M. Wursten, E. Ziemba, M. T. Zheng, X. S. Castellini, F. Lim, J. Sauer, B. E. Tarbutt, M. R. |
| author_facet | Collings, F. J. Fitch, N. J. Jenkins, R. A. Dyne, J. M. Wursten, E. Ziemba, M. T. Zheng, X. S. Castellini, F. Lim, J. Sauer, B. E. Tarbutt, M. R. |
| contents | We present the design and characterization of a low-noise environment for measuring the electron's electric dipole moment (EDM) with a beam of molecules. To minimize magnetic Johnson noise from metals, the design features ceramic electric field plates housed in a glass vacuum chamber. To suppress external magnetic noise the apparatus is enclosed within a cylindrical four-layer mu-metal shield with a shielding factor exceeding $10^6$ in one radial direction and $10^5$ in the other. Finite element modelling shows that the difference between these shielding factors is due to imperfect joints between sections of mu-metal. Using atomic magnetometers to monitor the magnetic field inside the shield, we measure noise below 40 fT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at 1 Hz and above, rising to 500 fT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at 0.1 Hz. Analytical and numerical studies show that residual magnetic Johnson noise contributes approximately 13 fT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$. The background magnetic field averaged along the beamline is maintained below 3 pT, with typical gradients of a few nT/m. An electric field of 20 kV/cm is applied without discharges and with leakage currents below 1 nA. Each magnetometer measures the magnetic field correlated with the direction of the applied electric field with a precision of 0.11 fT in 104 hours of data. These results demonstrate that the apparatus is suitable for measuring the electron EDM with precision at the $10^{-31}$ e cm level. The design principles and characterization techniques presented here are broadly applicable to precision measurements probing fundamental symmetries in molecules, atoms, and neutrons. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_21725 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Low-noise environment for probing fundamental symmetries Collings, F. J. Fitch, N. J. Jenkins, R. A. Dyne, J. M. Wursten, E. Ziemba, M. T. Zheng, X. S. Castellini, F. Lim, J. Sauer, B. E. Tarbutt, M. R. Atomic Physics We present the design and characterization of a low-noise environment for measuring the electron's electric dipole moment (EDM) with a beam of molecules. To minimize magnetic Johnson noise from metals, the design features ceramic electric field plates housed in a glass vacuum chamber. To suppress external magnetic noise the apparatus is enclosed within a cylindrical four-layer mu-metal shield with a shielding factor exceeding $10^6$ in one radial direction and $10^5$ in the other. Finite element modelling shows that the difference between these shielding factors is due to imperfect joints between sections of mu-metal. Using atomic magnetometers to monitor the magnetic field inside the shield, we measure noise below 40 fT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at 1 Hz and above, rising to 500 fT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$ at 0.1 Hz. Analytical and numerical studies show that residual magnetic Johnson noise contributes approximately 13 fT/$\sqrt{\rm Hz}$. The background magnetic field averaged along the beamline is maintained below 3 pT, with typical gradients of a few nT/m. An electric field of 20 kV/cm is applied without discharges and with leakage currents below 1 nA. Each magnetometer measures the magnetic field correlated with the direction of the applied electric field with a precision of 0.11 fT in 104 hours of data. These results demonstrate that the apparatus is suitable for measuring the electron EDM with precision at the $10^{-31}$ e cm level. The design principles and characterization techniques presented here are broadly applicable to precision measurements probing fundamental symmetries in molecules, atoms, and neutrons. |
| title | Low-noise environment for probing fundamental symmetries |
| topic | Atomic Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21725 |