Explicit non-free tensors

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Berg, Maxim van den, Christandl, Matthias, Lysikov, Vladimir, Nieuwboer, Harold, Walter, Michael, Zuiddam, Jeroen
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Berg, Maxim van den
Christandl, Matthias
Lysikov, Vladimir
Nieuwboer, Harold
Walter, Michael
Zuiddam, Jeroen
author_facet Berg, Maxim van den
Christandl, Matthias
Lysikov, Vladimir
Nieuwboer, Harold
Walter, Michael
Zuiddam, Jeroen
contents Free tensors are tensors which, after a change of bases, have free support: any two distinct elements of its support differ in at least two coordinates. They play a distinguished role in the theory of bilinear complexity, in particular in Strassen's duality theory for asymptotic rank. Within the context of quantum information theory, where tensors are interpreted as multiparticle quantum states, freeness corresponds to a type of multiparticle Schmidt decomposition. In particular, if a state is free in a given basis, the reduced density matrices are diagonal. Although generic tensors in $\mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n$ are non-free for $n \geq 4$ by parameter counting, no explicit non-free tensors were known until now. We solve this hay in a haystack problem by constructing explicit tensors that are non-free for every $n \geq 3$. In particular, this establishes that non-free tensors exist in $\mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n$, where they are not generic. To establish non-freeness, we use results from geometric invariant theory and the theory of moment polytopes. In particular, we show that if a tensor $T$ is free, then there is a tensor $S$ in the GL-orbit closure of $T$, whose support is free and whose moment map image is the minimum-norm point of the moment polytope of $T$. This implies a reduction for checking non-freeness from arbitrary basis changes of $T$ to unitary basis changes of $S$. The unitary equivariance of the moment map can then be combined with the fact that tensors with free support have diagonal moment map image, in order to further restrict the set of relevant basis changes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_22650
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explicit non-free tensors
Berg, Maxim van den
Christandl, Matthias
Lysikov, Vladimir
Nieuwboer, Harold
Walter, Michael
Zuiddam, Jeroen
Algebraic Geometry
Computational Complexity
Representation Theory
Symplectic Geometry
Quantum Physics
15A69, 14L24, 53D25
Free tensors are tensors which, after a change of bases, have free support: any two distinct elements of its support differ in at least two coordinates. They play a distinguished role in the theory of bilinear complexity, in particular in Strassen's duality theory for asymptotic rank. Within the context of quantum information theory, where tensors are interpreted as multiparticle quantum states, freeness corresponds to a type of multiparticle Schmidt decomposition. In particular, if a state is free in a given basis, the reduced density matrices are diagonal. Although generic tensors in $\mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n$ are non-free for $n \geq 4$ by parameter counting, no explicit non-free tensors were known until now. We solve this hay in a haystack problem by constructing explicit tensors that are non-free for every $n \geq 3$. In particular, this establishes that non-free tensors exist in $\mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n \otimes \mathbb{C}^n$, where they are not generic. To establish non-freeness, we use results from geometric invariant theory and the theory of moment polytopes. In particular, we show that if a tensor $T$ is free, then there is a tensor $S$ in the GL-orbit closure of $T$, whose support is free and whose moment map image is the minimum-norm point of the moment polytope of $T$. This implies a reduction for checking non-freeness from arbitrary basis changes of $T$ to unitary basis changes of $S$. The unitary equivariance of the moment map can then be combined with the fact that tensors with free support have diagonal moment map image, in order to further restrict the set of relevant basis changes.
title Explicit non-free tensors
topic Algebraic Geometry
Computational Complexity
Representation Theory
Symplectic Geometry
Quantum Physics
15A69, 14L24, 53D25
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.22650