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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liu, Jianpeng, Pan, Qizhi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23038
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author Liu, Jianpeng
Pan, Qizhi
author_facet Liu, Jianpeng
Pan, Qizhi
contents This paper proposes a unified theoretical framework based on the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem and kernel methods. By analyzing the mathematical relationship among kernels, B-spline basis functions in Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) and the inner product operation in self-attention mechanisms, we establish a kernel-based feature fitting framework that unifies the two models as linear combinations of kernel functions. Under this framework, we propose a low-rank Pseudo-Multi-Head Self-Attention module (Pseudo-MHSA), which reduces the parameter count of traditional MHSA by nearly 50\%. Furthermore, we design a Gaussian kernel multi-head self-attention variant (Gaussian-MHSA) to validate the effectiveness of nonlinear kernel functions in feature extraction. Experiments on the CIFAR-10 dataset demonstrate that Pseudo-MHSA model achieves performance comparable to the ViT model of the same dimensionality under the MAE framework and visualization analysis reveals their similarity of multi-head distribution patterns. Our code is publicly available.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_23038
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Function Fitting Based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Theorem and Kernel Functions
Liu, Jianpeng
Pan, Qizhi
Machine Learning
This paper proposes a unified theoretical framework based on the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem and kernel methods. By analyzing the mathematical relationship among kernels, B-spline basis functions in Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) and the inner product operation in self-attention mechanisms, we establish a kernel-based feature fitting framework that unifies the two models as linear combinations of kernel functions. Under this framework, we propose a low-rank Pseudo-Multi-Head Self-Attention module (Pseudo-MHSA), which reduces the parameter count of traditional MHSA by nearly 50\%. Furthermore, we design a Gaussian kernel multi-head self-attention variant (Gaussian-MHSA) to validate the effectiveness of nonlinear kernel functions in feature extraction. Experiments on the CIFAR-10 dataset demonstrate that Pseudo-MHSA model achieves performance comparable to the ViT model of the same dimensionality under the MAE framework and visualization analysis reveals their similarity of multi-head distribution patterns. Our code is publicly available.
title Function Fitting Based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Theorem and Kernel Functions
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23038