Infant Core-collapse Supernovae with Circumstellar Interactions from KMTNet I: Luminous Transitional Case of KSP-SN-2022c

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Main Authors: Jiang, Nan, Moon, Dae-Sik, Ni, Yuan Qi, Drout, Maria R., Park, Hong Soo, González-Gaitán, Santiago, Kim, Sang Chul, Lee, Youngdae, Chang, Ernest
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Published: 2025
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author Jiang, Nan
Moon, Dae-Sik
Ni, Yuan Qi
Drout, Maria R.
Park, Hong Soo
González-Gaitán, Santiago
Kim, Sang Chul
Lee, Youngdae
Chang, Ernest
author_facet Jiang, Nan
Moon, Dae-Sik
Ni, Yuan Qi
Drout, Maria R.
Park, Hong Soo
González-Gaitán, Santiago
Kim, Sang Chul
Lee, Youngdae
Chang, Ernest
contents We present $BVi$ multi-band high-cadence observations of a Type II supernova (SN) KSP-SN-2022c from a star-forming galaxy at $z$ $\simeq$ 0.041 from its infant to nebular phase. Early light curve fitting with a single power-law is consistent with the first detection of roughly 15 minutes after shock breakout. The SN light curves feature a rapid rise and decline across its luminous ($V$ $\simeq$ -18.41 mag) peak together with a short plateau. The presence of the short plateau and rapid post-peak decline place the SN within a small group of transitional type between Type II-P and II-L subtypes. Its (i) broad and asymmetric H profiles with large emission-to-absorption ratios and (ii) near-peak luminosity in excess of predictions from SN shock cooling models both point to circumstellar interactions in this SN. Early colour evolution exhibits a short-lived blueward motion in $B-V$ within the first few days and continuous reddening in $V-i$, inconsistent with simple blackbody heating. Our simulations of SN light curves estimate 13 $M_\odot$ and 680 $R_\odot$ for the mass and radius of the progenitor, respectively, together with CSM of 0.73 $M_\odot$ to account for the excess luminosity and rapid post-peak declines. We discuss the origin of its short plateau and early colour evolution in the context of partial envelope stripping of the progenitor star and a delayed SN shock breakout near the edge of the CSM, respectively, as indicated by our simulations. We establish a correlation between post-peak decline rates and CSM mass in Type II SNe, highlighting that CSM interactions play a major role in shaping the post-peak evolution of transitional types.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Infant Core-collapse Supernovae with Circumstellar Interactions from KMTNet I: Luminous Transitional Case of KSP-SN-2022c
Jiang, Nan
Moon, Dae-Sik
Ni, Yuan Qi
Drout, Maria R.
Park, Hong Soo
González-Gaitán, Santiago
Kim, Sang Chul
Lee, Youngdae
Chang, Ernest
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
We present $BVi$ multi-band high-cadence observations of a Type II supernova (SN) KSP-SN-2022c from a star-forming galaxy at $z$ $\simeq$ 0.041 from its infant to nebular phase. Early light curve fitting with a single power-law is consistent with the first detection of roughly 15 minutes after shock breakout. The SN light curves feature a rapid rise and decline across its luminous ($V$ $\simeq$ -18.41 mag) peak together with a short plateau. The presence of the short plateau and rapid post-peak decline place the SN within a small group of transitional type between Type II-P and II-L subtypes. Its (i) broad and asymmetric H profiles with large emission-to-absorption ratios and (ii) near-peak luminosity in excess of predictions from SN shock cooling models both point to circumstellar interactions in this SN. Early colour evolution exhibits a short-lived blueward motion in $B-V$ within the first few days and continuous reddening in $V-i$, inconsistent with simple blackbody heating. Our simulations of SN light curves estimate 13 $M_\odot$ and 680 $R_\odot$ for the mass and radius of the progenitor, respectively, together with CSM of 0.73 $M_\odot$ to account for the excess luminosity and rapid post-peak declines. We discuss the origin of its short plateau and early colour evolution in the context of partial envelope stripping of the progenitor star and a delayed SN shock breakout near the edge of the CSM, respectively, as indicated by our simulations. We establish a correlation between post-peak decline rates and CSM mass in Type II SNe, highlighting that CSM interactions play a major role in shaping the post-peak evolution of transitional types.
title Infant Core-collapse Supernovae with Circumstellar Interactions from KMTNet I: Luminous Transitional Case of KSP-SN-2022c
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23074