ADF22+: a declining faint end in the far-infrared luminosity function in the SSA22 protocluster at z=3.09
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909699417309184 |
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| author | Huang, Shuo Umehata, Hideki Smail, Ian Nakanishi, Kouichiro Hatsukade, Bunyo Kubo, Mariko Tamura, Yoichi Saito, Tomoki Ikarashi, Soh |
| author_facet | Huang, Shuo Umehata, Hideki Smail, Ian Nakanishi, Kouichiro Hatsukade, Bunyo Kubo, Mariko Tamura, Yoichi Saito, Tomoki Ikarashi, Soh |
| contents | Protoclusters represent the densest regions of cosmic large-scale structure in the early universe and are the environment where present-day massive elliptical galaxies are assembled. Millimeter continuum emission offers a powerful probe of obscured star formation at high redshifts across various environments. In this paper, we present a deep ALMA 1.17 mm mosaic of the central 8 arcmin$^2$ ($\approx30$ comoving Mpc$^{2}$) region in the SSA22 protocluster at $z=3.09$ to study the faint dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) population. The continuum map achieves an RMS noise level of $\approx25$ $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at $\approx1\arcsec$ spatial resolution, $\approx2\times$ the depth of previous observation of this field. We detected 53 sources with a signal-to-noise ratio above 4.2, doubling the number of detections. Utilizing optical to mid-infrared ancillary data, we search for spectroscopic redshift and identify 18 of 53 as cluster members. For sources with more than two photometric data points in the near-infrared, stellar mass ($M_\star$) and star formation rate (SFR) from spectral energy distribution fitting are presented. The 1.17 mm number count shows $>2\times$ excess at flux density $\gtrsim1$ mJy but are consistent with blank field in fainter flux bins. The monochromatic far-infrared luminosity function of the SSA22 protocluster core region suggests a lack of faint DSFGs. All SSA22 protocluster member galaxies detected at 1.17 mm have SFR within the $M_\star$-SFR relation of general star-forming galaxies. Our results suggest that an early overdense environment like SSA22 protocluster predominantly enhances the formation of massive early-type galaxies in present-day galaxy clusters, but that the star formation in individual member galaxies is likely driven by gas supply along the cosmic web and occurs in a secular way. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_23372 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | ADF22+: a declining faint end in the far-infrared luminosity function in the SSA22 protocluster at z=3.09 Huang, Shuo Umehata, Hideki Smail, Ian Nakanishi, Kouichiro Hatsukade, Bunyo Kubo, Mariko Tamura, Yoichi Saito, Tomoki Ikarashi, Soh Astrophysics of Galaxies Protoclusters represent the densest regions of cosmic large-scale structure in the early universe and are the environment where present-day massive elliptical galaxies are assembled. Millimeter continuum emission offers a powerful probe of obscured star formation at high redshifts across various environments. In this paper, we present a deep ALMA 1.17 mm mosaic of the central 8 arcmin$^2$ ($\approx30$ comoving Mpc$^{2}$) region in the SSA22 protocluster at $z=3.09$ to study the faint dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) population. The continuum map achieves an RMS noise level of $\approx25$ $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at $\approx1\arcsec$ spatial resolution, $\approx2\times$ the depth of previous observation of this field. We detected 53 sources with a signal-to-noise ratio above 4.2, doubling the number of detections. Utilizing optical to mid-infrared ancillary data, we search for spectroscopic redshift and identify 18 of 53 as cluster members. For sources with more than two photometric data points in the near-infrared, stellar mass ($M_\star$) and star formation rate (SFR) from spectral energy distribution fitting are presented. The 1.17 mm number count shows $>2\times$ excess at flux density $\gtrsim1$ mJy but are consistent with blank field in fainter flux bins. The monochromatic far-infrared luminosity function of the SSA22 protocluster core region suggests a lack of faint DSFGs. All SSA22 protocluster member galaxies detected at 1.17 mm have SFR within the $M_\star$-SFR relation of general star-forming galaxies. Our results suggest that an early overdense environment like SSA22 protocluster predominantly enhances the formation of massive early-type galaxies in present-day galaxy clusters, but that the star formation in individual member galaxies is likely driven by gas supply along the cosmic web and occurs in a secular way. |
| title | ADF22+: a declining faint end in the far-infrared luminosity function in the SSA22 protocluster at z=3.09 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23372 |