A Survey on Unlearnable Data

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Li, Jiahao, Chen, Yiqiang, Xing, Yunbing, Gu, Yang, Lan, Xiangyuan
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Li, Jiahao
Chen, Yiqiang
Xing, Yunbing
Gu, Yang
Lan, Xiangyuan
author_facet Li, Jiahao
Chen, Yiqiang
Xing, Yunbing
Gu, Yang
Lan, Xiangyuan
contents Unlearnable data (ULD) has emerged as an innovative defense technique to prevent machine learning models from learning meaningful patterns from specific data, thus protecting data privacy and security. By introducing perturbations to the training data, ULD degrades model performance, making it difficult for unauthorized models to extract useful representations. Despite the growing significance of ULD, existing surveys predominantly focus on related fields, such as adversarial attacks and machine unlearning, with little attention given to ULD as an independent area of study. This survey fills that gap by offering a comprehensive review of ULD, examining unlearnable data generation methods, public benchmarks, evaluation metrics, theoretical foundations and practical applications. We compare and contrast different ULD approaches, analyzing their strengths, limitations, and trade-offs related to unlearnability, imperceptibility, efficiency and robustness. Moreover, we discuss key challenges, such as balancing perturbation imperceptibility with model degradation and the computational complexity of ULD generation. Finally, we highlight promising future research directions to advance the effectiveness and applicability of ULD, underscoring its potential to become a crucial tool in the evolving landscape of data protection in machine learning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_23536
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Survey on Unlearnable Data
Li, Jiahao
Chen, Yiqiang
Xing, Yunbing
Gu, Yang
Lan, Xiangyuan
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Unlearnable data (ULD) has emerged as an innovative defense technique to prevent machine learning models from learning meaningful patterns from specific data, thus protecting data privacy and security. By introducing perturbations to the training data, ULD degrades model performance, making it difficult for unauthorized models to extract useful representations. Despite the growing significance of ULD, existing surveys predominantly focus on related fields, such as adversarial attacks and machine unlearning, with little attention given to ULD as an independent area of study. This survey fills that gap by offering a comprehensive review of ULD, examining unlearnable data generation methods, public benchmarks, evaluation metrics, theoretical foundations and practical applications. We compare and contrast different ULD approaches, analyzing their strengths, limitations, and trade-offs related to unlearnability, imperceptibility, efficiency and robustness. Moreover, we discuss key challenges, such as balancing perturbation imperceptibility with model degradation and the computational complexity of ULD generation. Finally, we highlight promising future research directions to advance the effectiveness and applicability of ULD, underscoring its potential to become a crucial tool in the evolving landscape of data protection in machine learning.
title A Survey on Unlearnable Data
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23536