Green MLOps to Green GenOps: An Empirical Study of Energy Consumption in Discriminative and Generative AI Operations

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sánchez-Mompó, Adrián, Mavromatis, Ioannis, Li, Peizheng, Katsaros, Konstantinos, Khan, Aftab
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Sánchez-Mompó, Adrián
Mavromatis, Ioannis
Li, Peizheng
Katsaros, Konstantinos
Khan, Aftab
author_facet Sánchez-Mompó, Adrián
Mavromatis, Ioannis
Li, Peizheng
Katsaros, Konstantinos
Khan, Aftab
contents This study presents an empirical investigation into the energy consumption of Discriminative and Generative AI models within real-world MLOps pipelines. For Discriminative models, we examine various architectures and hyperparameters during training and inference and identify energy-efficient practices. For Generative AI, Large Language Models (LLMs) are assessed, focusing primarily on energy consumption across different model sizes and varying service requests. Our study employs software-based power measurements, ensuring ease of replication across diverse configurations, models, and datasets. We analyse multiple models and hardware setups to uncover correlations among various metrics, identifying key contributors to energy consumption. The results indicate that for Discriminative models, optimising architectures, hyperparameters, and hardware can significantly reduce energy consumption without sacrificing performance. For LLMs, energy efficiency depends on balancing model size, reasoning complexity, and request-handling capacity, as larger models do not necessarily consume more energy when utilisation remains low. This analysis provides practical guidelines for designing green and sustainable ML operations, emphasising energy consumption and carbon footprint reductions while maintaining performance. This paper can serve as a benchmark for accurately estimating total energy use across different types of AI models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_23934
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Green MLOps to Green GenOps: An Empirical Study of Energy Consumption in Discriminative and Generative AI Operations
Sánchez-Mompó, Adrián
Mavromatis, Ioannis
Li, Peizheng
Katsaros, Konstantinos
Khan, Aftab
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
This study presents an empirical investigation into the energy consumption of Discriminative and Generative AI models within real-world MLOps pipelines. For Discriminative models, we examine various architectures and hyperparameters during training and inference and identify energy-efficient practices. For Generative AI, Large Language Models (LLMs) are assessed, focusing primarily on energy consumption across different model sizes and varying service requests. Our study employs software-based power measurements, ensuring ease of replication across diverse configurations, models, and datasets. We analyse multiple models and hardware setups to uncover correlations among various metrics, identifying key contributors to energy consumption. The results indicate that for Discriminative models, optimising architectures, hyperparameters, and hardware can significantly reduce energy consumption without sacrificing performance. For LLMs, energy efficiency depends on balancing model size, reasoning complexity, and request-handling capacity, as larger models do not necessarily consume more energy when utilisation remains low. This analysis provides practical guidelines for designing green and sustainable ML operations, emphasising energy consumption and carbon footprint reductions while maintaining performance. This paper can serve as a benchmark for accurately estimating total energy use across different types of AI models.
title Green MLOps to Green GenOps: An Empirical Study of Energy Consumption in Discriminative and Generative AI Operations
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.23934