BOWIE-ALIGN: Sub-stellar metallicity and carbon depletion in the aligned TrES-4b with JWST NIRSpec transmission spectroscopy
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909559760617472 |
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| author | Meech, Annabella Claringbold, Alastair B. Ahrer, Eva-Maria Kirk, James López-Morales, Mercedes Taylor, Jake Booth, Richard A. Penzlin, Anna B. T. Alderson, Lili Christie, Duncan A. Esparza-Borges, Emma Fairman, Charlotte Mayne, Nathan J. McCormack, Mason Owen, James E. Panwar, Vatsal Powell, Diana Sergeev, Denis E. Valentine, Daniel Wakeford, Hannah R. Wheatley, Peter J. Zamyatina, Maria |
| author_facet | Meech, Annabella Claringbold, Alastair B. Ahrer, Eva-Maria Kirk, James López-Morales, Mercedes Taylor, Jake Booth, Richard A. Penzlin, Anna B. T. Alderson, Lili Christie, Duncan A. Esparza-Borges, Emma Fairman, Charlotte Mayne, Nathan J. McCormack, Mason Owen, James E. Panwar, Vatsal Powell, Diana Sergeev, Denis E. Valentine, Daniel Wakeford, Hannah R. Wheatley, Peter J. Zamyatina, Maria |
| contents | The formation and migration history of a planet is expected to be imprinted in its atmosphere, in particular its carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio and metallicity. The BOWIE-ALIGN programme is performing a comparative study of JWST spectra of four aligned and four misaligned hot Jupiters, with the aim of characterising their atmospheres and corroborating the link between the observables and the formation history. In this work, we present the $2.8-5.2$ micron transmission spectrum of TrES-4b, a hot Jupiter with an orbit aligned with the rotation axis of its F-type host star. Using free chemistry atmospheric retrievals, we report a confident detection of H$_2$O at an abundance of $\log X_\mathrm{H_2O}=-2.98^{+0.68}_{-0.73}$ at a significance of $8.4σ$. We also find evidence for CO and small amounts of CO$_2$, retrieving abundances $\log X_\mathrm{CO}= -3.76^{+0.89}_{-1.01}$ and $\log X_\mathrm{CO_2}= -6.86^{+0.62}_{-0.65}$ ($3.1σ$ and $4.0σ$ respectively). The observations are consistent with the the atmosphere being in chemical equilibrium; our retrievals yield $\mathrm{C/O}$ between $0.30-0.42$ and constrain the atmospheric metallicity to the range $0.4-0.7\times$ solar. The inferred sub-stellar properties (C/O and metallicity) challenge traditional models, and could have arisen from an oxygen-rich gas accretion scenario, or a combination of low-metallicity gas and carbon-poor solid accretion. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2503_24280 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | BOWIE-ALIGN: Sub-stellar metallicity and carbon depletion in the aligned TrES-4b with JWST NIRSpec transmission spectroscopy Meech, Annabella Claringbold, Alastair B. Ahrer, Eva-Maria Kirk, James López-Morales, Mercedes Taylor, Jake Booth, Richard A. Penzlin, Anna B. T. Alderson, Lili Christie, Duncan A. Esparza-Borges, Emma Fairman, Charlotte Mayne, Nathan J. McCormack, Mason Owen, James E. Panwar, Vatsal Powell, Diana Sergeev, Denis E. Valentine, Daniel Wakeford, Hannah R. Wheatley, Peter J. Zamyatina, Maria Earth and Planetary Astrophysics The formation and migration history of a planet is expected to be imprinted in its atmosphere, in particular its carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio and metallicity. The BOWIE-ALIGN programme is performing a comparative study of JWST spectra of four aligned and four misaligned hot Jupiters, with the aim of characterising their atmospheres and corroborating the link between the observables and the formation history. In this work, we present the $2.8-5.2$ micron transmission spectrum of TrES-4b, a hot Jupiter with an orbit aligned with the rotation axis of its F-type host star. Using free chemistry atmospheric retrievals, we report a confident detection of H$_2$O at an abundance of $\log X_\mathrm{H_2O}=-2.98^{+0.68}_{-0.73}$ at a significance of $8.4σ$. We also find evidence for CO and small amounts of CO$_2$, retrieving abundances $\log X_\mathrm{CO}= -3.76^{+0.89}_{-1.01}$ and $\log X_\mathrm{CO_2}= -6.86^{+0.62}_{-0.65}$ ($3.1σ$ and $4.0σ$ respectively). The observations are consistent with the the atmosphere being in chemical equilibrium; our retrievals yield $\mathrm{C/O}$ between $0.30-0.42$ and constrain the atmospheric metallicity to the range $0.4-0.7\times$ solar. The inferred sub-stellar properties (C/O and metallicity) challenge traditional models, and could have arisen from an oxygen-rich gas accretion scenario, or a combination of low-metallicity gas and carbon-poor solid accretion. |
| title | BOWIE-ALIGN: Sub-stellar metallicity and carbon depletion in the aligned TrES-4b with JWST NIRSpec transmission spectroscopy |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.24280 |