Dependence of Planet populations on Stellar Mass and Metallicity: A Pebble Accretion-based Planet Population Synthesis
Fuente:
arXiv
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1866913769276309504 |
|---|---|
| author | Pan, Mengrui Liu, Beibei Jiang, Linjie Xie, Jiwei Zhu, Wei Ribas, Ignasi |
| author_facet | Pan, Mengrui Liu, Beibei Jiang, Linjie Xie, Jiwei Zhu, Wei Ribas, Ignasi |
| contents | The formation and evolution of planetary systems are linked to their host stellar environment. In this study, we employ a pebble accretion-based planet population synthesis model to explore the correlation between planetary properties and stellar mass/metallicity. Our numerical results reproduce several main aspects of exoplanetary observations. First, we find that the occurrence rate of super-Earths $η_{\rm SE}$ follows an inverted V-shape in relation to stellar mass: it increases with stellar mass among lower-mass dwarfs, peaks at early-M dwarfs, and declines toward higher-mass GK stars. Second, super-Earths grow ubiquitously around stars with various metallicities, exhibiting a flat or weak $η_{\rm SE}$ dependence on $Z_{\star}$. Third, giant planets, in contrast, form more frequently around stars with higher-mass/metallicity. Lastly, we extend a subset of simulations to $1$ Gyr to investigate the long-term evolution of the systems' architecture. By converting our simulated systems into synthetic observations, we find that the eccentricities and inclinations of single-transit systems increase with stellar metallicity, while these dependencies in multi-planet systems remains relatively weak. The alignment between our results and observations provides key insights into the connection between planet populations and stellar properties. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_00296 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dependence of Planet populations on Stellar Mass and Metallicity: A Pebble Accretion-based Planet Population Synthesis Pan, Mengrui Liu, Beibei Jiang, Linjie Xie, Jiwei Zhu, Wei Ribas, Ignasi Earth and Planetary Astrophysics The formation and evolution of planetary systems are linked to their host stellar environment. In this study, we employ a pebble accretion-based planet population synthesis model to explore the correlation between planetary properties and stellar mass/metallicity. Our numerical results reproduce several main aspects of exoplanetary observations. First, we find that the occurrence rate of super-Earths $η_{\rm SE}$ follows an inverted V-shape in relation to stellar mass: it increases with stellar mass among lower-mass dwarfs, peaks at early-M dwarfs, and declines toward higher-mass GK stars. Second, super-Earths grow ubiquitously around stars with various metallicities, exhibiting a flat or weak $η_{\rm SE}$ dependence on $Z_{\star}$. Third, giant planets, in contrast, form more frequently around stars with higher-mass/metallicity. Lastly, we extend a subset of simulations to $1$ Gyr to investigate the long-term evolution of the systems' architecture. By converting our simulated systems into synthetic observations, we find that the eccentricities and inclinations of single-transit systems increase with stellar metallicity, while these dependencies in multi-planet systems remains relatively weak. The alignment between our results and observations provides key insights into the connection between planet populations and stellar properties. |
| title | Dependence of Planet populations on Stellar Mass and Metallicity: A Pebble Accretion-based Planet Population Synthesis |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00296 |