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Main Authors: Ding, Kewen, Li, Ying, Liu, Xuewen, Liu, Yu, Lu, Chih-Ting, Zhu, Bin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00383
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author Ding, Kewen
Li, Ying
Liu, Xuewen
Liu, Yu
Lu, Chih-Ting
Zhu, Bin
author_facet Ding, Kewen
Li, Ying
Liu, Xuewen
Liu, Yu
Lu, Chih-Ting
Zhu, Bin
contents The Belle II collaboration recently reported a $2.7σ$ excess in the rare decay $B^\pm \to K^\pm ν\barν$, potentially signaling new physics. We propose an axion-like particle (ALP)-portal dark matter (DM) framework to explain this anomaly while satisfying the observed DM relic abundance. By invoking a resonant annihilation mechanism ($m_a \sim 2m_χ$), we demonstrate that the ALP-mediated interactions between the Standard Model and DM sectors simultaneously account for the $B^\pm \to K^\pm ν\barν$ anomaly and thermal freeze-out dynamics. Two distinct scenarios-long-lived ALPs decaying outside detectors (displaced diphotons) and ALPs decaying invisibly to DM pairs (missing energy)-are examined. While the displaced diphotons scenario is excluded by kaon decay bounds ($K^\pm \to π^\pm + \text{inv.}$), the invisible decay channel remains unconstrained and aligns with Belle II's missing energy signature. Using the coupled Boltzmann equation formalism, we rigorously incorporate early kinetic decoupling effects, revealing deviations up to a factor of 20 from traditional relic density predictions in resonance regions. For the missing energy scenario, the viable parameter space features ALP-SM and ALP-DM couplings: $g_{aWW}(g_{aγγ}) \in (7.13 \times 10^{-5} - 9.60 \times 10^{-5})\, \text{GeV}^{-1}$ (from $B^\pm \to K^\pm a$) and $g_{aχχ} \in (7.12\times10^{-5} - 7.73\times 10^{-3})\, \text{GeV}^{-1}$ (for resonant annihilation), accommodating ALP masses $m_a \in (0.6, 4.8)\, \text{GeV}$. Therefore, this work establishes the ALP portal as a viable bridge between the $B^\pm \to K^\pm ν\barν$ anomaly and thermal DM production, emphasizing precision calculations of thermal decoupling in resonance regimes.
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publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Resonant ALP-Portal Dark Matter Annihilation as a Solution to the $B^{\pm} \to K^{\pm} ν\barν$ Excess
Ding, Kewen
Li, Ying
Liu, Xuewen
Liu, Yu
Lu, Chih-Ting
Zhu, Bin
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
The Belle II collaboration recently reported a $2.7σ$ excess in the rare decay $B^\pm \to K^\pm ν\barν$, potentially signaling new physics. We propose an axion-like particle (ALP)-portal dark matter (DM) framework to explain this anomaly while satisfying the observed DM relic abundance. By invoking a resonant annihilation mechanism ($m_a \sim 2m_χ$), we demonstrate that the ALP-mediated interactions between the Standard Model and DM sectors simultaneously account for the $B^\pm \to K^\pm ν\barν$ anomaly and thermal freeze-out dynamics. Two distinct scenarios-long-lived ALPs decaying outside detectors (displaced diphotons) and ALPs decaying invisibly to DM pairs (missing energy)-are examined. While the displaced diphotons scenario is excluded by kaon decay bounds ($K^\pm \to π^\pm + \text{inv.}$), the invisible decay channel remains unconstrained and aligns with Belle II's missing energy signature. Using the coupled Boltzmann equation formalism, we rigorously incorporate early kinetic decoupling effects, revealing deviations up to a factor of 20 from traditional relic density predictions in resonance regions. For the missing energy scenario, the viable parameter space features ALP-SM and ALP-DM couplings: $g_{aWW}(g_{aγγ}) \in (7.13 \times 10^{-5} - 9.60 \times 10^{-5})\, \text{GeV}^{-1}$ (from $B^\pm \to K^\pm a$) and $g_{aχχ} \in (7.12\times10^{-5} - 7.73\times 10^{-3})\, \text{GeV}^{-1}$ (for resonant annihilation), accommodating ALP masses $m_a \in (0.6, 4.8)\, \text{GeV}$. Therefore, this work establishes the ALP portal as a viable bridge between the $B^\pm \to K^\pm ν\barν$ anomaly and thermal DM production, emphasizing precision calculations of thermal decoupling in resonance regimes.
title Resonant ALP-Portal Dark Matter Annihilation as a Solution to the $B^{\pm} \to K^{\pm} ν\barν$ Excess
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00383