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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00537 |
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| _version_ | 1866915221499543552 |
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| author | Chen, Xiuhui Liu, Dejian Yan, Ping Ju, Binggang Lu, Dengrong Li, Yingjie |
| author_facet | Chen, Xiuhui Liu, Dejian Yan, Ping Ju, Binggang Lu, Dengrong Li, Yingjie |
| contents | As planetary nebulae (PNe) evolve, they develop slow and strong dust-driven stellar winds, making the joint study of dust and gas essential for understanding their nature. As a pilot investigation, we selected PN K 3-54 as our target, the only known PN in the Milky Way to exhibit infrared emission from both graphene (C$_{24}$) and fullerene (C$_{60}$). The gas is traced via molecular line emissions from $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O ($J = 1 \rightarrow 0$), observed using the 13.7 m telescope of the Purple Mountain Observatory. We investigate the dynamics of this PN and identify a bipolar outflow. Preliminary results suggest that the large dynamical timescale of the outflow and the weak shock environment may account for the simultaneous survival of C$_{24}$ and C$_{60}$ within and around PN K 3-54. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_00537 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 Chen, Xiuhui Liu, Dejian Yan, Ping Ju, Binggang Lu, Dengrong Li, Yingjie Astrophysics of Galaxies As planetary nebulae (PNe) evolve, they develop slow and strong dust-driven stellar winds, making the joint study of dust and gas essential for understanding their nature. As a pilot investigation, we selected PN K 3-54 as our target, the only known PN in the Milky Way to exhibit infrared emission from both graphene (C$_{24}$) and fullerene (C$_{60}$). The gas is traced via molecular line emissions from $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O ($J = 1 \rightarrow 0$), observed using the 13.7 m telescope of the Purple Mountain Observatory. We investigate the dynamics of this PN and identify a bipolar outflow. Preliminary results suggest that the large dynamical timescale of the outflow and the weak shock environment may account for the simultaneous survival of C$_{24}$ and C$_{60}$ within and around PN K 3-54. |
| title | Outflowing Gas in the Planetary Nebula K 3-54 |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00537 |