Cosmography with the Double Source Plane Strong Gravitational Lens AGEL150745+052256
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Sahu, Nandini Shajib, Anowar J. Tran, Kim-Vy Skobe, Hannah Rhoades, Sunny Jones, Tucker Glazebrook, Karl Collett, Thomas E. Suyu, Sherry H. Barone, Tania M. C., Keerthi Vasan G. Bowden, Duncan J. Ballard, Daniel Kacprzak, Glenn G. Sweet, Sarah M. Lewis, Geraint F. Nanayakkara, Themiya |
| author_facet | Sahu, Nandini Shajib, Anowar J. Tran, Kim-Vy Skobe, Hannah Rhoades, Sunny Jones, Tucker Glazebrook, Karl Collett, Thomas E. Suyu, Sherry H. Barone, Tania M. C., Keerthi Vasan G. Bowden, Duncan J. Ballard, Daniel Kacprzak, Glenn G. Sweet, Sarah M. Lewis, Geraint F. Nanayakkara, Themiya |
| contents | Strong gravitational lenses with two background sources at widely separated redshifts are a powerful and independent probe of cosmological parameters. We can use these systems, known as Double-Source-Plane Lenses (DSPLs), to measure the ratio ($β$) of angular-diameter distances of the sources, which is sensitive to the matter density ($Ω_m$) and the equation-of-state parameter for dark-energy ($w$). However, DSPLs are rare and require high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy for detection, lens modeling, and measuring $β$. Here we report only the second DSPL ever used to measure cosmological parameters. We model the DSPL AGEL150745+052256 from the ASTRO 3D Galaxy Evolution with Lenses (AGEL) survey using HST/WFC3 imaging and Keck/KCWI spectroscopy. The spectroscopic redshifts for the deflector and two sources in AGEL1507 are $z_{\rm defl}=0.594$, $z_{\rm S1}=2.163$, and $z_{\rm S2}=2.591$. We measure a stellar velocity dispersion of $σ_{\rm obs}=109 \pm 27$ km s$^{-1}$ for the nearer source. Using $σ_{\rm obs}$ for the main deflector (from literature) and S1, we test the robustness of our DSPL model. We measure $β=0.953^{+0.008}_{-0.010}$ for AGEL1507 and infer $Ω_{\rm m}=0.33^{+0.38}_{-0.23}$ for $Λ$CDM cosmology. Combining AGEL1507 with the published model of the Jackpot lens improves the precision on $Ω_{\rm m}$ ($Λ$CDM) and w (wCDM) by $\sim 10 \%$. The inclusion of DSPLs significantly improves the constraints when combined with Plancks cosmic microwave background observations, enhancing precision on w by $30 \%$. This paper demonstrates the constraining power of DSPLs and their complementarity to other standard cosmological probes. Tighter future constraints from larger DSPL samples discovered from ongoing and forthcoming large-area sky surveys would provide insights into the nature of dark energy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_00656 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cosmography with the Double Source Plane Strong Gravitational Lens AGEL150745+052256 Sahu, Nandini Shajib, Anowar J. Tran, Kim-Vy Skobe, Hannah Rhoades, Sunny Jones, Tucker Glazebrook, Karl Collett, Thomas E. Suyu, Sherry H. Barone, Tania M. C., Keerthi Vasan G. Bowden, Duncan J. Ballard, Daniel Kacprzak, Glenn G. Sweet, Sarah M. Lewis, Geraint F. Nanayakkara, Themiya Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies Strong gravitational lenses with two background sources at widely separated redshifts are a powerful and independent probe of cosmological parameters. We can use these systems, known as Double-Source-Plane Lenses (DSPLs), to measure the ratio ($β$) of angular-diameter distances of the sources, which is sensitive to the matter density ($Ω_m$) and the equation-of-state parameter for dark-energy ($w$). However, DSPLs are rare and require high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy for detection, lens modeling, and measuring $β$. Here we report only the second DSPL ever used to measure cosmological parameters. We model the DSPL AGEL150745+052256 from the ASTRO 3D Galaxy Evolution with Lenses (AGEL) survey using HST/WFC3 imaging and Keck/KCWI spectroscopy. The spectroscopic redshifts for the deflector and two sources in AGEL1507 are $z_{\rm defl}=0.594$, $z_{\rm S1}=2.163$, and $z_{\rm S2}=2.591$. We measure a stellar velocity dispersion of $σ_{\rm obs}=109 \pm 27$ km s$^{-1}$ for the nearer source. Using $σ_{\rm obs}$ for the main deflector (from literature) and S1, we test the robustness of our DSPL model. We measure $β=0.953^{+0.008}_{-0.010}$ for AGEL1507 and infer $Ω_{\rm m}=0.33^{+0.38}_{-0.23}$ for $Λ$CDM cosmology. Combining AGEL1507 with the published model of the Jackpot lens improves the precision on $Ω_{\rm m}$ ($Λ$CDM) and w (wCDM) by $\sim 10 \%$. The inclusion of DSPLs significantly improves the constraints when combined with Plancks cosmic microwave background observations, enhancing precision on w by $30 \%$. This paper demonstrates the constraining power of DSPLs and their complementarity to other standard cosmological probes. Tighter future constraints from larger DSPL samples discovered from ongoing and forthcoming large-area sky surveys would provide insights into the nature of dark energy. |
| title | Cosmography with the Double Source Plane Strong Gravitational Lens AGEL150745+052256 |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00656 |