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Main Authors: Wang, Yubo, Ma, Xueguang, Nie, Ping, Zeng, Huaye, Lyu, Zhiheng, Zhang, Yuxuan, Schneider, Benjamin, Lu, Yi, Yue, Xiang, Chen, Wenhu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00824
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author Wang, Yubo
Ma, Xueguang
Nie, Ping
Zeng, Huaye
Lyu, Zhiheng
Zhang, Yuxuan
Schneider, Benjamin
Lu, Yi
Yue, Xiang
Chen, Wenhu
author_facet Wang, Yubo
Ma, Xueguang
Nie, Ping
Zeng, Huaye
Lyu, Zhiheng
Zhang, Yuxuan
Schneider, Benjamin
Lu, Yi
Yue, Xiang
Chen, Wenhu
contents Academic writing requires both coherent text generation and precise citation of relevant literature. Although recent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have significantly improved factual accuracy in general-purpose text generation, their ability to support professional academic writing remains limited. In this work, we introduce ScholarCopilot, a unified framework designed to enhance existing large language models for generating professional academic articles with accurate and contextually relevant citations. ScholarCopilot dynamically determines when to retrieve scholarly references by generating a retrieval token [RET], which is then used to query a citation database. The retrieved references are fed into the model to augment the generation process. We jointly optimize both the generation and citation tasks within a single framework to improve efficiency. Our model is built upon Qwen-2.5-7B and trained on 500K papers from arXiv. It achieves a top-1 retrieval accuracy of 40.1% on our evaluation dataset, outperforming baselines such as E5-Mistral-7B-Instruct (15.0%) and BM25 (9.8%). On a dataset of 1,000 academic writing samples, ScholarCopilot scores 16.2/25 in generation quality -- measured across relevance, coherence, academic rigor, completeness, and innovation -- significantly surpassing all existing models, including much larger ones like the Retrieval-Augmented Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct. Human studies further demonstrate that ScholarCopilot, despite being a 7B model, significantly outperforms ChatGPT, achieving 100% preference in citation quality and over 70% in overall usefulness.
format Preprint
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publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ScholarCopilot: Training Large Language Models for Academic Writing with Accurate Citations
Wang, Yubo
Ma, Xueguang
Nie, Ping
Zeng, Huaye
Lyu, Zhiheng
Zhang, Yuxuan
Schneider, Benjamin
Lu, Yi
Yue, Xiang
Chen, Wenhu
Computation and Language
Academic writing requires both coherent text generation and precise citation of relevant literature. Although recent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have significantly improved factual accuracy in general-purpose text generation, their ability to support professional academic writing remains limited. In this work, we introduce ScholarCopilot, a unified framework designed to enhance existing large language models for generating professional academic articles with accurate and contextually relevant citations. ScholarCopilot dynamically determines when to retrieve scholarly references by generating a retrieval token [RET], which is then used to query a citation database. The retrieved references are fed into the model to augment the generation process. We jointly optimize both the generation and citation tasks within a single framework to improve efficiency. Our model is built upon Qwen-2.5-7B and trained on 500K papers from arXiv. It achieves a top-1 retrieval accuracy of 40.1% on our evaluation dataset, outperforming baselines such as E5-Mistral-7B-Instruct (15.0%) and BM25 (9.8%). On a dataset of 1,000 academic writing samples, ScholarCopilot scores 16.2/25 in generation quality -- measured across relevance, coherence, academic rigor, completeness, and innovation -- significantly surpassing all existing models, including much larger ones like the Retrieval-Augmented Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct. Human studies further demonstrate that ScholarCopilot, despite being a 7B model, significantly outperforms ChatGPT, achieving 100% preference in citation quality and over 70% in overall usefulness.
title ScholarCopilot: Training Large Language Models for Academic Writing with Accurate Citations
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.00824