Who is Responsible When AI Fails? Mapping Causes, Entities, and Consequences of AI Privacy and Ethical Incidents

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Hadan, Hilda, Mogavi, Reza Hadi, Zhang-Kennedy, Leah, Nacke, Lennart E.
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Hadan, Hilda
Mogavi, Reza Hadi
Zhang-Kennedy, Leah
Nacke, Lennart E.
author_facet Hadan, Hilda
Mogavi, Reza Hadi
Zhang-Kennedy, Leah
Nacke, Lennart E.
contents The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has raised major privacy and ethical concerns. However, existing AI incident taxonomies and guidelines lack grounding in real-world cases, limiting their effectiveness for prevention and mitigation. We analyzed 202 real-world AI privacy and ethical incidents to develop a taxonomy that classifies them across AI lifecycle stages and captures contributing factors, including causes, responsible entities, sources of disclosure, and impacts. Our findings reveal widespread harms from poor organizational decisions and legal non-compliance, limited corrective interventions, and rare reporting from AI developers and adopting entities. Our taxonomy offers a structured approach for systematic incident reporting and emphasizes the weaknesses of current AI governance frameworks. Our findings provide actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners to strengthen user protections, develop targeted AI policies, enhance reporting practices, and foster responsible AI governance and innovation, especially in contexts such as social media and child protection.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_01029
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Who is Responsible When AI Fails? Mapping Causes, Entities, and Consequences of AI Privacy and Ethical Incidents
Hadan, Hilda
Mogavi, Reza Hadi
Zhang-Kennedy, Leah
Nacke, Lennart E.
Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Databases
Human-Computer Interaction
The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has raised major privacy and ethical concerns. However, existing AI incident taxonomies and guidelines lack grounding in real-world cases, limiting their effectiveness for prevention and mitigation. We analyzed 202 real-world AI privacy and ethical incidents to develop a taxonomy that classifies them across AI lifecycle stages and captures contributing factors, including causes, responsible entities, sources of disclosure, and impacts. Our findings reveal widespread harms from poor organizational decisions and legal non-compliance, limited corrective interventions, and rare reporting from AI developers and adopting entities. Our taxonomy offers a structured approach for systematic incident reporting and emphasizes the weaknesses of current AI governance frameworks. Our findings provide actionable guidance for policymakers and practitioners to strengthen user protections, develop targeted AI policies, enhance reporting practices, and foster responsible AI governance and innovation, especially in contexts such as social media and child protection.
title Who is Responsible When AI Fails? Mapping Causes, Entities, and Consequences of AI Privacy and Ethical Incidents
topic Computers and Society
Artificial Intelligence
Databases
Human-Computer Interaction
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01029