Comparison of Bayesian methods for extrapolation of treatment effects: a large scale simulation study
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Fauvel, Tristan Tanniou, Julien Godbillot, Pascal Génin, Marie Amzal, Billy |
| author_facet | Fauvel, Tristan Tanniou, Julien Godbillot, Pascal Génin, Marie Amzal, Billy |
| contents | Extrapolating treatment effects from related studies is a promising strategy for designing and analyzing clinical trials in situations where achieving an adequate sample size is challenging. Bayesian methods are well-suited for this purpose, as they enable the synthesis of prior information through the use of prior distributions. While the operating characteristics of Bayesian approaches for borrowing data from control arms have been extensively studied, methods that borrow treatment effects -- quantities derived from the comparison between two arms -- remain less well understood. In this paper, we present the findings of an extensive simulation study designed to address this gap. We evaluate the frequentist operating characteristics of these methods, including the probability of success, mean squared error, bias, precision, and credible interval coverage. Our results provide insights into the strengths and limitations of existing methods in the context of confirmatory trials. In particular, we show that the Conditional Power Prior and the Robust Mixture Prior perform better overall, while the test-then-pool variants and the p-value-based power prior display suboptimal performance. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_01949 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Comparison of Bayesian methods for extrapolation of treatment effects: a large scale simulation study Fauvel, Tristan Tanniou, Julien Godbillot, Pascal Génin, Marie Amzal, Billy Methodology Applications Extrapolating treatment effects from related studies is a promising strategy for designing and analyzing clinical trials in situations where achieving an adequate sample size is challenging. Bayesian methods are well-suited for this purpose, as they enable the synthesis of prior information through the use of prior distributions. While the operating characteristics of Bayesian approaches for borrowing data from control arms have been extensively studied, methods that borrow treatment effects -- quantities derived from the comparison between two arms -- remain less well understood. In this paper, we present the findings of an extensive simulation study designed to address this gap. We evaluate the frequentist operating characteristics of these methods, including the probability of success, mean squared error, bias, precision, and credible interval coverage. Our results provide insights into the strengths and limitations of existing methods in the context of confirmatory trials. In particular, we show that the Conditional Power Prior and the Robust Mixture Prior perform better overall, while the test-then-pool variants and the p-value-based power prior display suboptimal performance. |
| title | Comparison of Bayesian methods for extrapolation of treatment effects: a large scale simulation study |
| topic | Methodology Applications |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01949 |