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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02202 |
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| _version_ | 1866910902515662848 |
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| author | Ding, Chaomeng Zhang, Xingyu Xiong, Jiamin Xiao, You Zhang, Tianzhu Huang, Jia Xu, Hongxin Liu, Xiaoyu You, Lixing Wang, Zhen Li, Hao |
| author_facet | Ding, Chaomeng Zhang, Xingyu Xiong, Jiamin Xiao, You Zhang, Tianzhu Huang, Jia Xu, Hongxin Liu, Xiaoyu You, Lixing Wang, Zhen Li, Hao |
| contents | Efficiently distinguishing photon numbers is a crucial yet challenging technology for various quantum information and quantum metrology applications. While superconducting transition edge sensors offer good photon-number-resolving (PNR) capabilities, they are hampered by low detection speed, timing jitter, and complex cooling and readout requirements. In this work, we present a significant advancement toward achieving high-fidelity PNR single-photon detectors. The unique twin-layer configuration of superconducting nanowire atop a dielectric mirror ensures the near-unity detection efficiency. The segmented design enables spatial multiplexing, establishing a mapping relationship between pulse amplitude and registered photons. The fabricated detector exhibits impressive performance metrics, including a single-photon system detection efficiency (SDE) of ~ 98% at a dark count rate of 20 cps and photon-number resolution capability up to 32. Further characterization through detector tomography reveals high fidelities for two-, three-, and four-photon events, approximately 87%,73%, and 40% respectively. Moreover, the detector operates at a high count rate of 41 MHz at 3dB-SDE, with a low timing jitter of as low as 40 ps. With its near-unity efficiency, high photon-number resolution, low dark count rate and fast detection speed, we expect significant interest in these detectors, promising substantial benefits for weak light detection and optical quantum information applications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_02202 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Photon-number-resolving single-photon detector with a system detection efficiency of 98% and photon-number resolution of 32 Ding, Chaomeng Zhang, Xingyu Xiong, Jiamin Xiao, You Zhang, Tianzhu Huang, Jia Xu, Hongxin Liu, Xiaoyu You, Lixing Wang, Zhen Li, Hao Quantum Physics Optics Efficiently distinguishing photon numbers is a crucial yet challenging technology for various quantum information and quantum metrology applications. While superconducting transition edge sensors offer good photon-number-resolving (PNR) capabilities, they are hampered by low detection speed, timing jitter, and complex cooling and readout requirements. In this work, we present a significant advancement toward achieving high-fidelity PNR single-photon detectors. The unique twin-layer configuration of superconducting nanowire atop a dielectric mirror ensures the near-unity detection efficiency. The segmented design enables spatial multiplexing, establishing a mapping relationship between pulse amplitude and registered photons. The fabricated detector exhibits impressive performance metrics, including a single-photon system detection efficiency (SDE) of ~ 98% at a dark count rate of 20 cps and photon-number resolution capability up to 32. Further characterization through detector tomography reveals high fidelities for two-, three-, and four-photon events, approximately 87%,73%, and 40% respectively. Moreover, the detector operates at a high count rate of 41 MHz at 3dB-SDE, with a low timing jitter of as low as 40 ps. With its near-unity efficiency, high photon-number resolution, low dark count rate and fast detection speed, we expect significant interest in these detectors, promising substantial benefits for weak light detection and optical quantum information applications. |
| title | Photon-number-resolving single-photon detector with a system detection efficiency of 98% and photon-number resolution of 32 |
| topic | Quantum Physics Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02202 |