SAFER: Advancing Safety Alignment via Efficient Ex-Ante Reasoning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Feng, Kehua, Ding, Keyan, Wang, Yuhao, Li, Menghan, Wei, Fanjunduo, Wang, Xinda, Zhang, Qiang, Chen, Huajun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Feng, Kehua
Ding, Keyan
Wang, Yuhao
Li, Menghan
Wei, Fanjunduo
Wang, Xinda
Zhang, Qiang
Chen, Huajun
author_facet Feng, Kehua
Ding, Keyan
Wang, Yuhao
Li, Menghan
Wei, Fanjunduo
Wang, Xinda
Zhang, Qiang
Chen, Huajun
contents Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated progress toward artificial general intelligence, yet their potential to generate harmful content poses critical safety challenges. Existing alignment methods often struggle to cover diverse safety scenarios and remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this work, we propose SAFER, a framework for Safety Alignment via eFficient Ex-Ante Reasoning. Our approach instantiates structured Ex-Ante reasoning through initial assessment, rule verification, and path calibration, and embeds predefined safety rules to provide transparent and verifiable safety judgments. Specifically, our approach consists of two training stages: (1) supervised fine-tuning with synthetic traces to teach the multi-stage Ex-Ante reasoning, and (2) step-level reasoning preference optimization to jointly enhance safety, utility, and efficiency. Experiments on multiple open-source LLMs demonstrate that SAFER significantly enhances safety performance while maintaining helpfulness and response efficiency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_02725
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SAFER: Advancing Safety Alignment via Efficient Ex-Ante Reasoning
Feng, Kehua
Ding, Keyan
Wang, Yuhao
Li, Menghan
Wei, Fanjunduo
Wang, Xinda
Zhang, Qiang
Chen, Huajun
Computation and Language
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated progress toward artificial general intelligence, yet their potential to generate harmful content poses critical safety challenges. Existing alignment methods often struggle to cover diverse safety scenarios and remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this work, we propose SAFER, a framework for Safety Alignment via eFficient Ex-Ante Reasoning. Our approach instantiates structured Ex-Ante reasoning through initial assessment, rule verification, and path calibration, and embeds predefined safety rules to provide transparent and verifiable safety judgments. Specifically, our approach consists of two training stages: (1) supervised fine-tuning with synthetic traces to teach the multi-stage Ex-Ante reasoning, and (2) step-level reasoning preference optimization to jointly enhance safety, utility, and efficiency. Experiments on multiple open-source LLMs demonstrate that SAFER significantly enhances safety performance while maintaining helpfulness and response efficiency.
title SAFER: Advancing Safety Alignment via Efficient Ex-Ante Reasoning
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.02725