Transfer of active motion from medium to probe via the induced friction and noise

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Hauptverfasser: Pei, Ji-Hui, Maes, Christian
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Pei, Ji-Hui
Maes, Christian
author_facet Pei, Ji-Hui
Maes, Christian
contents Can activity be transmitted from smaller to larger scales? We report on such a transfer from a homogeneous active medium to a Newtonian spherical probe. The active medium consists of faster and dilute self-propelled particles, modeled as run-and-tumble particles in 1D or as active Brownian particles in 2D. We derive the reduced fluctuating dynamics of the probe, valid for arbitrary probe velocity, characterized by velocity-dependent friction and noise. In addition to a standard passive regime, we identify peculiar active regimes where the probe becomes self-propelled with high persistence, and its velocity distribution begets peaks at nonzero values. These features are quantitatively confirmed by numerical simulations of the joint probe-medium system. The emergence of active regimes depends not only on the far-from-equilibrium nature of the medium but also on the probe-medium coupling. Our findings reveal how, solely via the induced friction and noise, persistence can cross different scales to transfer active motion.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_03210
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Transfer of active motion from medium to probe via the induced friction and noise
Pei, Ji-Hui
Maes, Christian
Statistical Mechanics
Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
Can activity be transmitted from smaller to larger scales? We report on such a transfer from a homogeneous active medium to a Newtonian spherical probe. The active medium consists of faster and dilute self-propelled particles, modeled as run-and-tumble particles in 1D or as active Brownian particles in 2D. We derive the reduced fluctuating dynamics of the probe, valid for arbitrary probe velocity, characterized by velocity-dependent friction and noise. In addition to a standard passive regime, we identify peculiar active regimes where the probe becomes self-propelled with high persistence, and its velocity distribution begets peaks at nonzero values. These features are quantitatively confirmed by numerical simulations of the joint probe-medium system. The emergence of active regimes depends not only on the far-from-equilibrium nature of the medium but also on the probe-medium coupling. Our findings reveal how, solely via the induced friction and noise, persistence can cross different scales to transfer active motion.
title Transfer of active motion from medium to probe via the induced friction and noise
topic Statistical Mechanics
Soft Condensed Matter
Biological Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03210