Local Search for Clustering in Almost-linear Time

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Jiang, Shaofeng H. -C., Jin, Yaonan, Lou, Jianing, Lu, Pinyan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Jiang, Shaofeng H. -C.
Jin, Yaonan
Lou, Jianing
Lu, Pinyan
author_facet Jiang, Shaofeng H. -C.
Jin, Yaonan
Lou, Jianing
Lu, Pinyan
contents We propose the first \emph{local search} algorithm for Euclidean clustering that attains an $O(1)$-approximation in almost-linear time. Specifically, for Euclidean $k$-Means, our algorithm achieves an $O(c)$-approximation in $\tilde{O}(n^{1 + 1 / c})$ time, for any constant $c \ge 1$, maintaining the same running time as the previous (non-local-search-based) approach [la Tour and Saulpic, arXiv'2407.11217] while improving the approximation factor from $O(c^{6})$ to $O(c)$. The algorithm generalizes to any metric space with sparse spanners, delivering efficient constant approximation in $\ell_p$ metrics, doubling metrics, Jaccard metrics, etc. This generality derives from our main technical contribution: a local search algorithm on general graphs that obtains an $O(1)$-approximation in almost-linear time. We establish this through a new $1$-swap local search framework featuring a novel swap selection rule. At a high level, this rule ``scores'' every possible swap, based on both its modification to the clustering and its improvement to the clustering objective, and then selects those high-scoring swaps. To implement this, we design a new data structure for maintaining approximate nearest neighbors with amortized guarantees tailored to our framework.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_03513
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Local Search for Clustering in Almost-linear Time
Jiang, Shaofeng H. -C.
Jin, Yaonan
Lou, Jianing
Lu, Pinyan
Data Structures and Algorithms
We propose the first \emph{local search} algorithm for Euclidean clustering that attains an $O(1)$-approximation in almost-linear time. Specifically, for Euclidean $k$-Means, our algorithm achieves an $O(c)$-approximation in $\tilde{O}(n^{1 + 1 / c})$ time, for any constant $c \ge 1$, maintaining the same running time as the previous (non-local-search-based) approach [la Tour and Saulpic, arXiv'2407.11217] while improving the approximation factor from $O(c^{6})$ to $O(c)$. The algorithm generalizes to any metric space with sparse spanners, delivering efficient constant approximation in $\ell_p$ metrics, doubling metrics, Jaccard metrics, etc. This generality derives from our main technical contribution: a local search algorithm on general graphs that obtains an $O(1)$-approximation in almost-linear time. We establish this through a new $1$-swap local search framework featuring a novel swap selection rule. At a high level, this rule ``scores'' every possible swap, based on both its modification to the clustering and its improvement to the clustering objective, and then selects those high-scoring swaps. To implement this, we design a new data structure for maintaining approximate nearest neighbors with amortized guarantees tailored to our framework.
title Local Search for Clustering in Almost-linear Time
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03513