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Characterizing planetary systems with SPIRou: Detection of a sub-Neptune in a 6-day period orbit around the M dwarf Gl 410

Fuente: arXiv

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Auteurs principaux:	Carmona, A., Delfosse, X., Ould-Elhkim, M., Cortés-Zuleta, P., Hara, N. C., Artigau, E., Moutou, C., Petit, A. C., Mignon, L., Donati, J. F., Cook, N. J., Gagné, J., Forveille, T., Diaz, R. F., Martioli, E., Arnold, L., Cadieux, C., Boisse, I., Morin, J., Petit, P., Fouqué, P., Bonfils, X., Hébrard, G., Acuña, L., Nascimento Jr, J. -D. do, Cloutier, R., Astudillo-Defru, N., Bouchy, F., Bourrier, V., Dalal, S., Deleuil, M., Doyon, R., Dumusque, X., Grouffal, S., Heidari, N., Hoyer, S., Larue, P., Kiefer, F., Santerne, A., Ségransan, D., Bell, J. Serrano, Stalport, M., Sulis, S., Udry, S., Vivien, H.
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2025
Sujets:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866909742458208256
author	Carmona, A. Delfosse, X. Ould-Elhkim, M. Cortés-Zuleta, P. Hara, N. C. Artigau, E. Moutou, C. Petit, A. C. Mignon, L. Donati, J. F. Cook, N. J. Gagné, J. Forveille, T. Diaz, R. F. Martioli, E. Arnold, L. Cadieux, C. Boisse, I. Morin, J. Petit, P. Fouqué, P. Bonfils, X. Hébrard, G. Acuña, L. Nascimento Jr, J. -D. do Cloutier, R. Astudillo-Defru, N. Bouchy, F. Bourrier, V. Dalal, S. Deleuil, M. Doyon, R. Dumusque, X. Grouffal, S. Heidari, N. Hoyer, S. Larue, P. Kiefer, F. Santerne, A. Ségransan, D. Bell, J. Serrano Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Udry, S. Vivien, H.
author_facet	Carmona, A. Delfosse, X. Ould-Elhkim, M. Cortés-Zuleta, P. Hara, N. C. Artigau, E. Moutou, C. Petit, A. C. Mignon, L. Donati, J. F. Cook, N. J. Gagné, J. Forveille, T. Diaz, R. F. Martioli, E. Arnold, L. Cadieux, C. Boisse, I. Morin, J. Petit, P. Fouqué, P. Bonfils, X. Hébrard, G. Acuña, L. Nascimento Jr, J. -D. do Cloutier, R. Astudillo-Defru, N. Bouchy, F. Bourrier, V. Dalal, S. Deleuil, M. Doyon, R. Dumusque, X. Grouffal, S. Heidari, N. Hoyer, S. Larue, P. Kiefer, F. Santerne, A. Ségransan, D. Bell, J. Serrano Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Udry, S. Vivien, H.
contents	The search for exoplanets around nearby M dwarfs represents a crucial milestone in the census of planetary systems in the vicinity of our Solar System. Since 2018 our team is carrying a radial-velocity blind search program for planets around nearby M dwarfs with the near-IR spectro-polarimeter and velocimeter SPIRou at the CFHT and the optical velocimeter SOPHIE at the OHP in France. Here we present our results on Gl 410, a 0.55 Msun 480+-150 Myr old active M dwarf distant 12 pc. We used the line-by-line (LBL) technique to measure the RVs with SPIRou and the template matching method with SOPHIE. Three different methods were employed, two based on principal component analysis (PCA), to clean the SPIRou RVs for systematics. We applied Gaussian processes (GP) modeling to correct the SOPHIE RVs for stellar activity. The l1 and apodize sine periodogram analysis was used to search for planetary signals in the SPIRou data taking into account activity indicators. We analyzed TESS data and searched for planetary transits. We report the detection of a M sin(i)=8.4+-1.3 Mearth sub-Neptune planet at a period of 6.020+-0.004 days in circular orbit with SPIRou. The same signal, although with lower significance, was also retrieved in the SOPHIE RV data after correction for activity using a GP trained on SPIRou's longitudinal magnetic field (Bl) measurements. The TESS data indicate that the planet is not transiting. Within the SPIRou wPCA RVs, we find tentative evidence for two additional planetary signals at 2.99 and 18.7 days. In conclusion, infrared RVs are a powerful method to detect extrasolar planets around active M dwarfs. Care should be taken however to correct/filter systematics generated by residuals of the telluric correction or small structures in the detector plane. The LBL technique combined with PCA offers a promising way to reach this objective. Further monitoring of Gl 410 is necessary.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_03572
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Characterizing planetary systems with SPIRou: Detection of a sub-Neptune in a 6-day period orbit around the M dwarf Gl 410 Carmona, A. Delfosse, X. Ould-Elhkim, M. Cortés-Zuleta, P. Hara, N. C. Artigau, E. Moutou, C. Petit, A. C. Mignon, L. Donati, J. F. Cook, N. J. Gagné, J. Forveille, T. Diaz, R. F. Martioli, E. Arnold, L. Cadieux, C. Boisse, I. Morin, J. Petit, P. Fouqué, P. Bonfils, X. Hébrard, G. Acuña, L. Nascimento Jr, J. -D. do Cloutier, R. Astudillo-Defru, N. Bouchy, F. Bourrier, V. Dalal, S. Deleuil, M. Doyon, R. Dumusque, X. Grouffal, S. Heidari, N. Hoyer, S. Larue, P. Kiefer, F. Santerne, A. Ségransan, D. Bell, J. Serrano Stalport, M. Sulis, S. Udry, S. Vivien, H. Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics The search for exoplanets around nearby M dwarfs represents a crucial milestone in the census of planetary systems in the vicinity of our Solar System. Since 2018 our team is carrying a radial-velocity blind search program for planets around nearby M dwarfs with the near-IR spectro-polarimeter and velocimeter SPIRou at the CFHT and the optical velocimeter SOPHIE at the OHP in France. Here we present our results on Gl 410, a 0.55 Msun 480+-150 Myr old active M dwarf distant 12 pc. We used the line-by-line (LBL) technique to measure the RVs with SPIRou and the template matching method with SOPHIE. Three different methods were employed, two based on principal component analysis (PCA), to clean the SPIRou RVs for systematics. We applied Gaussian processes (GP) modeling to correct the SOPHIE RVs for stellar activity. The l1 and apodize sine periodogram analysis was used to search for planetary signals in the SPIRou data taking into account activity indicators. We analyzed TESS data and searched for planetary transits. We report the detection of a M sin(i)=8.4+-1.3 Mearth sub-Neptune planet at a period of 6.020+-0.004 days in circular orbit with SPIRou. The same signal, although with lower significance, was also retrieved in the SOPHIE RV data after correction for activity using a GP trained on SPIRou's longitudinal magnetic field (Bl) measurements. The TESS data indicate that the planet is not transiting. Within the SPIRou wPCA RVs, we find tentative evidence for two additional planetary signals at 2.99 and 18.7 days. In conclusion, infrared RVs are a powerful method to detect extrasolar planets around active M dwarfs. Care should be taken however to correct/filter systematics generated by residuals of the telluric correction or small structures in the detector plane. The LBL technique combined with PCA offers a promising way to reach this objective. Further monitoring of Gl 410 is necessary.
title	Characterizing planetary systems with SPIRou: Detection of a sub-Neptune in a 6-day period orbit around the M dwarf Gl 410
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03572