Probing the Firn Refractive Index Profile Using Antenna Response

Fuente: arXiv

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Détails bibliographiques
Auteurs principaux:	Agarwal, S., Aguilar, J. A., Alden, N., Ali, S., Allison, P., Betts, M., Besson, D., Bishop, A., Botner, O., Bouma, S., Buitink, S., Camphyn, R., Chiche, S., Clark, B. A., Coleman, A., Couberly, K., de Kockere, S., de Vries, K. D., Deaconu, C., Giri, P., Glaser, C., Glusenkamp, T., Hallgren, A., Hallmann, S., Hanson, J. C., Hendricks, B., Henrichs, J., Heyer, N., Hornhuber, C., Santiago, E. Huesca, Hughes, K., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kelley, J. L., Korntheuer, M., Kowalski, M., Kravchenko, I., Krebs, R., Lahmann, R., Liu, C. H., Marsee, M. J., McLennan, C., Mikhailova, M., Mulrey, K., Muzio, M., Nelles, A., Novikov, A., Nozdrina, A., Oberla, E., Oeyen, B., Punsuebsay, N., Pyras, L., Ravn, M., Ryckbosch, D., Schluter, F., Scholten, O., Seckel, D., Seikh, M. F. H., Stachurska, J., Stoffels, J., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tutt, J., Broeck, D. J. Van Den, van Eijndhoven, N., Vieregg, A. G., Vijai, A., Welling, C., Williams, D. R., Windischhofer, P., Wissel, S., Young, R., Zink, A.
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2025
Sujets:	Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Detectors
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866914373659787264
author	Agarwal, S. Aguilar, J. A. Alden, N. Ali, S. Allison, P. Betts, M. Besson, D. Bishop, A. Botner, O. Bouma, S. Buitink, S. Camphyn, R. Chiche, S. Clark, B. A. Coleman, A. Couberly, K. de Kockere, S. de Vries, K. D. Deaconu, C. Giri, P. Glaser, C. Glusenkamp, T. Hallgren, A. Hallmann, S. Hanson, J. C. Hendricks, B. Henrichs, J. Heyer, N. Hornhuber, C. Santiago, E. Huesca Hughes, K. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kelley, J. L. Korntheuer, M. Kowalski, M. Kravchenko, I. Krebs, R. Lahmann, R. Liu, C. H. Marsee, M. J. McLennan, C. Mikhailova, M. Mulrey, K. Muzio, M. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, A. Oberla, E. Oeyen, B. Punsuebsay, N. Pyras, L. Ravn, M. Ryckbosch, D. Schluter, F. Scholten, O. Seckel, D. Seikh, M. F. H. Stachurska, J. Stoffels, J. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Tutt, J. Broeck, D. J. Van Den van Eijndhoven, N. Vieregg, A. G. Vijai, A. Welling, C. Williams, D. R. Windischhofer, P. Wissel, S. Young, R. Zink, A.
author_facet	Agarwal, S. Aguilar, J. A. Alden, N. Ali, S. Allison, P. Betts, M. Besson, D. Bishop, A. Botner, O. Bouma, S. Buitink, S. Camphyn, R. Chiche, S. Clark, B. A. Coleman, A. Couberly, K. de Kockere, S. de Vries, K. D. Deaconu, C. Giri, P. Glaser, C. Glusenkamp, T. Hallgren, A. Hallmann, S. Hanson, J. C. Hendricks, B. Henrichs, J. Heyer, N. Hornhuber, C. Santiago, E. Huesca Hughes, K. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kelley, J. L. Korntheuer, M. Kowalski, M. Kravchenko, I. Krebs, R. Lahmann, R. Liu, C. H. Marsee, M. J. McLennan, C. Mikhailova, M. Mulrey, K. Muzio, M. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, A. Oberla, E. Oeyen, B. Punsuebsay, N. Pyras, L. Ravn, M. Ryckbosch, D. Schluter, F. Scholten, O. Seckel, D. Seikh, M. F. H. Stachurska, J. Stoffels, J. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Tutt, J. Broeck, D. J. Van Den van Eijndhoven, N. Vieregg, A. G. Vijai, A. Welling, C. Williams, D. R. Windischhofer, P. Wissel, S. Young, R. Zink, A.
contents	The Radio Neutrino Observatory-Greenland (RNO-G, at Summit Station) experiment comprises an extensive fat-dipole antenna array deployed into ice boreholes over an eventual area of approximately 35 ${\rm km}^2$. Since the RNO-G experimental sensitivity depends on the radio-frequency properties of the firn, which are known to vary laterally on sub-km distance scales and vertically on sub-meter distance scales, a technique for quickly extracting information on firn ice properties with depth ($n(z)$) during drilling and deployment is desirable. Given that a dipole's resonant wavelength is fixed by geometry, the resonant frequency $f_{res}$ (measured as an S-parameter reflection coefficient [`$S_{11}$'] minimum) scales inversely with the local refractive index, allowing a translation of a depth-dependent $S_{11}$(z) profile into $n(z)$. $S_{11}$(z) data were initially taken in August, 2024 using a dipole lowered into a newly-drilled $98\pm 1$-mm diameter, 350-m deep borehole at Summit Station, Greenland, approximately 1 km from the site of the original GISP-2 core; improved measurements were subsequently made in May, 2025. We conclude that $S_{11}$(z) data can be used to estimate \RIP, on 50 cm vertical scales, at the per-cent level of accuracy required by experiments such as RN0-G.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_03862
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Probing the Firn Refractive Index Profile Using Antenna Response Agarwal, S. Aguilar, J. A. Alden, N. Ali, S. Allison, P. Betts, M. Besson, D. Bishop, A. Botner, O. Bouma, S. Buitink, S. Camphyn, R. Chiche, S. Clark, B. A. Coleman, A. Couberly, K. de Kockere, S. de Vries, K. D. Deaconu, C. Giri, P. Glaser, C. Glusenkamp, T. Hallgren, A. Hallmann, S. Hanson, J. C. Hendricks, B. Henrichs, J. Heyer, N. Hornhuber, C. Santiago, E. Huesca Hughes, K. Karg, T. Karle, A. Kelley, J. L. Korntheuer, M. Kowalski, M. Kravchenko, I. Krebs, R. Lahmann, R. Liu, C. H. Marsee, M. J. McLennan, C. Mikhailova, M. Mulrey, K. Muzio, M. Nelles, A. Novikov, A. Nozdrina, A. Oberla, E. Oeyen, B. Punsuebsay, N. Pyras, L. Ravn, M. Ryckbosch, D. Schluter, F. Scholten, O. Seckel, D. Seikh, M. F. H. Stachurska, J. Stoffels, J. Toscano, S. Tosi, D. Tutt, J. Broeck, D. J. Van Den van Eijndhoven, N. Vieregg, A. G. Vijai, A. Welling, C. Williams, D. R. Windischhofer, P. Wissel, S. Young, R. Zink, A. Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Detectors The Radio Neutrino Observatory-Greenland (RNO-G, at Summit Station) experiment comprises an extensive fat-dipole antenna array deployed into ice boreholes over an eventual area of approximately 35 ${\rm km}^2$. Since the RNO-G experimental sensitivity depends on the radio-frequency properties of the firn, which are known to vary laterally on sub-km distance scales and vertically on sub-meter distance scales, a technique for quickly extracting information on firn ice properties with depth ($n(z)$) during drilling and deployment is desirable. Given that a dipole's resonant wavelength is fixed by geometry, the resonant frequency $f_{res}$ (measured as an S-parameter reflection coefficient [`$S_{11}$'] minimum) scales inversely with the local refractive index, allowing a translation of a depth-dependent $S_{11}$(z) profile into $n(z)$. $S_{11}$(z) data were initially taken in August, 2024 using a dipole lowered into a newly-drilled $98\pm 1$-mm diameter, 350-m deep borehole at Summit Station, Greenland, approximately 1 km from the site of the original GISP-2 core; improved measurements were subsequently made in May, 2025. We conclude that $S_{11}$(z) data can be used to estimate \RIP, on 50 cm vertical scales, at the per-cent level of accuracy required by experiments such as RN0-G.
title	Probing the Firn Refractive Index Profile Using Antenna Response
topic	Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Detectors
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03862