Efficient FPGA-accelerated Convolutional Neural Networks for Cloud Detection on CubeSats

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cratere, Angela, Farissi, M. Salim, Carbone, Andrea, Asciolla, Marcello, Rizzi, Maria, Dell'Olio, Francesco, Nascetti, Augusto, Spiller, Dario
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866917977414172672
author Cratere, Angela
Farissi, M. Salim
Carbone, Andrea
Asciolla, Marcello
Rizzi, Maria
Dell'Olio, Francesco
Nascetti, Augusto
Spiller, Dario
author_facet Cratere, Angela
Farissi, M. Salim
Carbone, Andrea
Asciolla, Marcello
Rizzi, Maria
Dell'Olio, Francesco
Nascetti, Augusto
Spiller, Dario
contents We present the implementation of four FPGA-accelerated convolutional neural network (CNN) models for onboard cloud detection in resource-constrained CubeSat missions, leveraging Xilinx's Vitis AI (VAI) framework and Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU), a programmable engine with pre-implemented, parameterizable IP cores optimized for deep neural networks, on a Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC. This study explores both pixel-wise (Pixel-Net and Patch-Net) and image-wise (U-Net and Scene-Net) models to benchmark trade-offs in accuracy, latency, and model complexity. Applying channel pruning, we achieved substantial reductions in model parameters (up to 98.6%) and floating-point operations (up to 90.7%) with minimal accuracy loss. Furthermore, the VAI tool was used to quantize the models to 8-bit precision, ensuring optimized hardware performance with negligible impact on accuracy. All models retained high accuracy post-FPGA integration, with a cumulative maximum accuracy drop of only 0.6% after quantization and pruning. The image-wise Scene-Net and U-Net models demonstrated strong real-time inference capabilities, achieving frame rates per second of 57.14 and 37.45, respectively, with power consumption of around 2.5 W, surpassing state-of-the-art onboard cloud detection solutions. Our approach underscores the potential of DPU-based hardware accelerators to expand the processing capabilities of small satellites, enabling efficient and flexible onboard CNN-based applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_03891
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Efficient FPGA-accelerated Convolutional Neural Networks for Cloud Detection on CubeSats
Cratere, Angela
Farissi, M. Salim
Carbone, Andrea
Asciolla, Marcello
Rizzi, Maria
Dell'Olio, Francesco
Nascetti, Augusto
Spiller, Dario
Signal Processing
Machine Learning
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
We present the implementation of four FPGA-accelerated convolutional neural network (CNN) models for onboard cloud detection in resource-constrained CubeSat missions, leveraging Xilinx's Vitis AI (VAI) framework and Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU), a programmable engine with pre-implemented, parameterizable IP cores optimized for deep neural networks, on a Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC. This study explores both pixel-wise (Pixel-Net and Patch-Net) and image-wise (U-Net and Scene-Net) models to benchmark trade-offs in accuracy, latency, and model complexity. Applying channel pruning, we achieved substantial reductions in model parameters (up to 98.6%) and floating-point operations (up to 90.7%) with minimal accuracy loss. Furthermore, the VAI tool was used to quantize the models to 8-bit precision, ensuring optimized hardware performance with negligible impact on accuracy. All models retained high accuracy post-FPGA integration, with a cumulative maximum accuracy drop of only 0.6% after quantization and pruning. The image-wise Scene-Net and U-Net models demonstrated strong real-time inference capabilities, achieving frame rates per second of 57.14 and 37.45, respectively, with power consumption of around 2.5 W, surpassing state-of-the-art onboard cloud detection solutions. Our approach underscores the potential of DPU-based hardware accelerators to expand the processing capabilities of small satellites, enabling efficient and flexible onboard CNN-based applications.
title Efficient FPGA-accelerated Convolutional Neural Networks for Cloud Detection on CubeSats
topic Signal Processing
Machine Learning
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03891