High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Qubit-like States
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866915229299900416 |
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| author | Scarfe, Lukas Abolhassani, Rojan Bouchard, Frédéric Goldberg, Aaron Heshami, Khabat Di Colandrea, Francesco Karimi, Ebrahim |
| author_facet | Scarfe, Lukas Abolhassani, Rojan Bouchard, Frédéric Goldberg, Aaron Heshami, Khabat Di Colandrea, Francesco Karimi, Ebrahim |
| contents | Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are formed from balanced superpositions of the entire set of states in the opposing basis. Here, we introduce a high-dimensional QKD protocol using qubit-like states, referred to as Fourier-qubits (or $\textit{F}$-qubits). In our scheme, each $\textit{F}$-qubit is a superposition of only two computational basis states with a relative phase that can take $d$ distinct values, where $d$ is the dimension of the computational basis. This non-mutually unbiased approach allows us to bound the information leaked to an eavesdropper, maintaining security in high-dimensional quantum systems despite the states' seemingly two-dimensional nature. By simplifying state preparation and measurement, our protocol offers a practical alternative for secure high-dimensional quantum communications. We experimentally demonstrate this protocol for a noisy high-dimensional QKD channel using the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom of light and discuss the potential benefits for encoding in other degrees of freedom. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_03893 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Qubit-like States Scarfe, Lukas Abolhassani, Rojan Bouchard, Frédéric Goldberg, Aaron Heshami, Khabat Di Colandrea, Francesco Karimi, Ebrahim Quantum Physics Optics Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are formed from balanced superpositions of the entire set of states in the opposing basis. Here, we introduce a high-dimensional QKD protocol using qubit-like states, referred to as Fourier-qubits (or $\textit{F}$-qubits). In our scheme, each $\textit{F}$-qubit is a superposition of only two computational basis states with a relative phase that can take $d$ distinct values, where $d$ is the dimension of the computational basis. This non-mutually unbiased approach allows us to bound the information leaked to an eavesdropper, maintaining security in high-dimensional quantum systems despite the states' seemingly two-dimensional nature. By simplifying state preparation and measurement, our protocol offers a practical alternative for secure high-dimensional quantum communications. We experimentally demonstrate this protocol for a noisy high-dimensional QKD channel using the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom of light and discuss the potential benefits for encoding in other degrees of freedom. |
| title | High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution with Qubit-like States |
| topic | Quantum Physics Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03893 |