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Hauptverfasser: Hou, Wen-Tao, Xiang, Zhuoxian, Liu, Yizhou, Zang, Jiadong
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03981
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author Hou, Wen-Tao
Xiang, Zhuoxian
Liu, Yizhou
Zang, Jiadong
author_facet Hou, Wen-Tao
Xiang, Zhuoxian
Liu, Yizhou
Zang, Jiadong
contents Hopfions, three-dimensional topological solitons characterized by nontrivial Hopf indices, represent a fundamental class of field configurations that emerge across diverse areas of physics. Despite extensive studies of isolated hopfions, a framework for constructing spatially ordered arrays of hopfions, i.e., hopfion crystals, has been lacking. Here, we present a systematic approach for generating hopfion crystals with cubic symmetry by combining the Hopf map with rational mapping techniques. By superposing helical waves in $\mathbb{R}^4$, we construct hopfion crystals with tunable Hopf indices and controllable topology. We demonstrate simple cubic, facecentered cubic, and body-centered cubic hopfion crystals, and extend our framework to create crystals of more complex topological structures, including axially symmetric tori, torus links, and torus knots with higher Hopf indices. Our results provide a foundation for searching hopfions in real materials and studying their collective phenomena.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_03981
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Construction of Hopfion Crystals
Hou, Wen-Tao
Xiang, Zhuoxian
Liu, Yizhou
Zang, Jiadong
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Hopfions, three-dimensional topological solitons characterized by nontrivial Hopf indices, represent a fundamental class of field configurations that emerge across diverse areas of physics. Despite extensive studies of isolated hopfions, a framework for constructing spatially ordered arrays of hopfions, i.e., hopfion crystals, has been lacking. Here, we present a systematic approach for generating hopfion crystals with cubic symmetry by combining the Hopf map with rational mapping techniques. By superposing helical waves in $\mathbb{R}^4$, we construct hopfion crystals with tunable Hopf indices and controllable topology. We demonstrate simple cubic, facecentered cubic, and body-centered cubic hopfion crystals, and extend our framework to create crystals of more complex topological structures, including axially symmetric tori, torus links, and torus knots with higher Hopf indices. Our results provide a foundation for searching hopfions in real materials and studying their collective phenomena.
title Construction of Hopfion Crystals
topic Strongly Correlated Electrons
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.03981