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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Chen, Liuji, Gao, Hao, Zhang, Jinghao, Liu, Qiang, Wu, Shu, Wang, Liang
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2025
Subjects:	Cryptography and Security
Online Access:	https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.04809
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Prompt Injection Attack to Tool Selection in LLM Agents
by: Shi, Jiawen, et al.
Published: (2025)

When Reasoning Leaks Membership: Membership Inference Attack on Black-box Large Reasoning Models
by: Hu, Ruihan, et al.
Published: (2026)

AdapTools: Adaptive Tool-based Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks on Agentic LLMs
by: Wang, Che, et al.
Published: (2026)

SINCon: Mitigate LLM-Generated Malicious Message Injection Attack for Rumor Detection
by: Zhang, Mingqing, et al.
Published: (2025)

BlackboxBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Black-box Adversarial Attacks
by: Zheng, Meixi, et al.
Published: (2023)

MalTool: Malicious Tool Attacks on LLM Agents
by: Hu, Yuepeng, et al.
Published: (2026)

Pop Quiz Attack: Black-box Membership Inference Attacks Against Large Language Models
by: Chen, Zeyuan, et al.
Published: (2026)

Quantitative Certification of Agentic Tool Selection
by: Yeon, Jehyeok, et al.
Published: (2025)

BETA: Automated Black-box Exploration for Timing Attacks in Processors
by: Chen, Congcong, et al.
Published: (2024)

Multi-task Adversarial Attacks against Black-box Model with Few-shot Queries
by: Wang, Wenqiang, et al.
Published: (2025)

RL-JACK: Reinforcement Learning-powered Black-box Jailbreaking Attack against LLMs
by: Chen, Xuan, et al.
Published: (2024)

SEA: Shareable and Explainable Attribution for Query-based Black-box Attacks
by: Gao, Yue, et al.
Published: (2023)

MIRAGE: Misleading Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Black-box and Query-agnostic Poisoning Attacks
by: Chen, Tailun, et al.
Published: (2025)

Online Poisoning Attack Against Reinforcement Learning under Black-box Environments
by: Li, Jianhui, et al.
Published: (2024)

Black-box Membership Inference Attacks against Fine-tuned Diffusion Models
by: Pang, Yan, et al.
Published: (2023)

Query Provenance Analysis: Efficient and Robust Defense against Query-based Black-box Attacks
by: Li, Shaofei, et al.
Published: (2024)

Your Code Secret Belongs to Me: Neural Code Completion Tools Can Memorize Hard-Coded Credentials
by: Huang, Yizhan, et al.
Published: (2023)

From Head to Tail: Efficient Black-box Model Inversion Attack via Long-tailed Learning
by: Li, Ziang, et al.
Published: (2025)

Security Attacks on LLM-based Code Completion Tools
by: Cheng, Wen, et al.
Published: (2024)

A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Practical Black-box Adversarial Attacks for Evading Learning-based Windows Malware Detection in the Wild
by: Ling, Xiang, et al.
Published: (2024)

MCPTox: A Benchmark for Tool Poisoning Attack on Real-World MCP Servers
by: Wang, Zhiqiang, et al.
Published: (2025)

Attention is All You Need to Defend Against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks in LLMs
by: Zhong, Yinan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Performance-lossless Black-box Model Watermarking
by: Zhao, Na, et al.
Published: (2023)

MalModel: Hiding Malicious Payload in Mobile Deep Learning Models with Black-box Backdoor Attack
by: Hua, Jiayi, et al.
Published: (2024)

MCP Pitfall Lab: Exposing Developer Pitfalls in MCP Tool Server Security under Multi-Vector Attacks
by: Hao, Run, et al.
Published: (2026)

Delving into Decision-based Black-box Attacks on Semantic Segmentation
by: Chen, Zhaoyu, et al.
Published: (2024)

SoK: The Attack Surface of Agentic AI -- Tools, and Autonomy
by: Dehghantanha, Ali, et al.
Published: (2026)

DualSentinel: A Lightweight Framework for Detecting Targeted Attacks in Black-box LLM via Dual Entropy Lull Pattern
by: Pang, Xiaoyi, et al.
Published: (2026)

BinarySelect to Improve Accessibility of Black-Box Attack Research
by: Ghosh, Shatarupa, et al.
Published: (2024)

Dynamic Black-box Backdoor Attacks on IoT Sensory Data
by: Chathoth, Ajesh Koyatan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Robust and Imperceptible Black-box DNN Watermarking Based on Fourier Perturbation Analysis and Frequency Sensitivity Clustering
by: Liu, Yong, et al.
Published: (2022)

A Generative Approach to Surrogate-based Black-box Attacks
by: Moraffah, Raha, et al.
Published: (2024)

Data Reconstruction: When You See It and When You Don't
by: Cohen, Edith, et al.
Published: (2024)

White-box Membership Inference Attacks against Diffusion Models
by: Pang, Yan, et al.
Published: (2023)

BadApex: Backdoor Attack Based on Adaptive Optimization Mechanism of Black-box Large Language Models
by: Wu, Zhengxian, et al.
Published: (2025)

KG-DF: A Black-box Defense Framework against Jailbreak Attacks Based on Knowledge Graphs
by: Liu, Shuyuan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Mind the Gap: Detecting Black-box Adversarial Attacks in the Making through Query Update Analysis
by: Park, Jeonghwan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Selection-Based Vulnerabilities: Clean-Label Backdoor Attacks in Active Learning
by: Zhi, Yuhan, et al.
Published: (2025)

Probe before You Talk: Towards Black-box Defense against Backdoor Unalignment for Large Language Models
by: Yi, Biao, et al.
Published: (2025)

if (filemtime($filename) + $maxlifetime < time()) { unlink($filename); $count++; } } return $count; } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool { $sessFile = $this->path . '/sess_' . $sessId; if ($handle = fopen($sessFile, 'w')) { $return = false; // Lock the file for exclusive access to avoid issues with multiple // processes writing session simultaneously: if (flock($handle, LOCK_EX)) { $return = fwrite($handle, $data); // Make sure that there's no trailing data by truncating the file to // the correct length: ftruncate($handle, strlen($data)); fflush($handle); flock($handle, LOCK_UN); } fclose($handle); if ($return !== false) { return true; } } // If we got this far, something went wrong with the file output... // It is tempting to throw an exception here, but this code is called // outside of the context of exception handling, so all we can do is // echo a message.

// Anecdotal testing Today and Yesterday seems to indicate destroy() // is called by the garbage collector and everything is good. // Something to keep in mind though. return 0; } /** * Write function that is called when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ public function write($sessId, $data): bool { if ($this->writesDisabled) { return true; } return $this->saveSession($sessId, $data); } /** * A function that is called internally when session data is to be saved. * * @param string $sessId The current session ID * @param string $data The session data to write * * @return bool */ abstract protected function saveSession($sessId, $data): bool; }

* * @return void */ public function writeClose() { // The assumption is that we're using PHP's ext/session. // session_write_close() will actually overwrite $_SESSION with an // empty array on completion -- which leads to a mismatch between what // is in the storage object and $_SESSION. To get around this, we // temporarily reset $_SESSION to an array, and then re-link it to // the storage object. // // Additionally, while you _can_ write to $_SESSION following a // session_write_close() operation, no changes made to it will be // flushed to the session handler. As such, we now mark the storage // object isImmutable. $storage = $this->getStorage(); if (! $storage->isImmutable()) { $_SESSION = $storage->toArray(true); session_write_close(); $storage->fromArray($_SESSION); $storage->markImmutable(); } } /** * Attempt to set the session name * * If the session has already been started, or if the name provided fails * validation, an exception will be raised. * * @param string $name * @return SessionManager * @throws Exception\InvalidArgumentException */ public function setName($name) { if ($this->sessionExists()) { throw new Exception\InvalidArgumentException( 'Cannot set session name after a session has already started'

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