Non-linear Phillips Curve for India: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning

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Main Authors: Sengupta, Shovon, Pratap, Bhanu, Pawar, Amit
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Sengupta, Shovon
Pratap, Bhanu
Pawar, Amit
author_facet Sengupta, Shovon
Pratap, Bhanu
Pawar, Amit
contents The conventional linear Phillips curve model, while widely used in policymaking, often struggles to deliver accurate forecasts in the presence of structural breaks and inherent nonlinearities. This paper addresses these limitations by leveraging machine learning methods within a New Keynesian Phillips Curve framework to forecast and explain headline inflation in India, a major emerging economy. Our analysis demonstrates that machine learning-based approaches significantly outperform standard linear models in forecasting accuracy. Moreover, by employing explainable machine learning techniques, we reveal that the Phillips curve relationship in India is highly nonlinear, characterized by thresholds and interaction effects among key variables. Headline inflation is primarily driven by inflation expectations, followed by past inflation and the output gap, while supply shocks, except rainfall, exert only a marginal influence. These findings highlight the ability of machine learning models to improve forecast accuracy and uncover complex, nonlinear dynamics in inflation data, offering valuable insights for policymakers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_05350
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Non-linear Phillips Curve for India: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning
Sengupta, Shovon
Pratap, Bhanu
Pawar, Amit
Econometrics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
F.2.2
The conventional linear Phillips curve model, while widely used in policymaking, often struggles to deliver accurate forecasts in the presence of structural breaks and inherent nonlinearities. This paper addresses these limitations by leveraging machine learning methods within a New Keynesian Phillips Curve framework to forecast and explain headline inflation in India, a major emerging economy. Our analysis demonstrates that machine learning-based approaches significantly outperform standard linear models in forecasting accuracy. Moreover, by employing explainable machine learning techniques, we reveal that the Phillips curve relationship in India is highly nonlinear, characterized by thresholds and interaction effects among key variables. Headline inflation is primarily driven by inflation expectations, followed by past inflation and the output gap, while supply shocks, except rainfall, exert only a marginal influence. These findings highlight the ability of machine learning models to improve forecast accuracy and uncover complex, nonlinear dynamics in inflation data, offering valuable insights for policymakers.
title Non-linear Phillips Curve for India: Evidence from Explainable Machine Learning
topic Econometrics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
F.2.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.05350