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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06405 |
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| _version_ | 1866909572087676928 |
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| author | Wang, Jun Wang, Zhao Ayarza, Jorge Frankel, Ian Huang, Chao-Wei Qian, Kai Dong, Yixiao Huang, Pin Ruei Kloska, Katie Zhang, Chao Zou, Siqi Mason, Matthew Liu, Chong Boechler, Nicholas Kahn, Aaron P. Esser |
| author_facet | Wang, Jun Wang, Zhao Ayarza, Jorge Frankel, Ian Huang, Chao-Wei Qian, Kai Dong, Yixiao Huang, Pin Ruei Kloska, Katie Zhang, Chao Zou, Siqi Mason, Matthew Liu, Chong Boechler, Nicholas Kahn, Aaron P. Esser |
| contents | The spatial and temporal control of material properties at a distance has yielded many unique innovations including photo-patterning, 3D-printing, and architected material design. To date, most of these innovations have relied on light, heat, sound, or electric current as stimuli for controlling the material properties. Here, we demonstrate that an electric field can induce chemical reactions and subsequent polymerization in composites via piezoelectrically-mediated transduction. The response to an electric field rather than through direct contact with an electrode is mediated by a nanoparticle transducer, i.e., piezoelectric ZnO, which mediates reactions between thiol and alkene monomers, resulting in tunable moduli as a function of voltage, time, and the frequency of the applied AC power. The reactivity of the mixture and the modulus of a naïve material containing these elements can be programmed based on the distribution of the electric field strength. This programmability results in multi-stiffness gels. Additionally, the system can be adjusted for the formation of an electro-adhesive. This simple and generalizable design opens new avenues for facile application in adaptive damping and variable-rigidity materials, adhesive, soft robotics, and potentially tissue engineering. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_06405 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Electric-Field-Controlled Chemical Reaction via Piezo-Chemistry Creates Programmable Material Stiffness Wang, Jun Wang, Zhao Ayarza, Jorge Frankel, Ian Huang, Chao-Wei Qian, Kai Dong, Yixiao Huang, Pin Ruei Kloska, Katie Zhang, Chao Zou, Siqi Mason, Matthew Liu, Chong Boechler, Nicholas Kahn, Aaron P. Esser Chemical Physics The spatial and temporal control of material properties at a distance has yielded many unique innovations including photo-patterning, 3D-printing, and architected material design. To date, most of these innovations have relied on light, heat, sound, or electric current as stimuli for controlling the material properties. Here, we demonstrate that an electric field can induce chemical reactions and subsequent polymerization in composites via piezoelectrically-mediated transduction. The response to an electric field rather than through direct contact with an electrode is mediated by a nanoparticle transducer, i.e., piezoelectric ZnO, which mediates reactions between thiol and alkene monomers, resulting in tunable moduli as a function of voltage, time, and the frequency of the applied AC power. The reactivity of the mixture and the modulus of a naïve material containing these elements can be programmed based on the distribution of the electric field strength. This programmability results in multi-stiffness gels. Additionally, the system can be adjusted for the formation of an electro-adhesive. This simple and generalizable design opens new avenues for facile application in adaptive damping and variable-rigidity materials, adhesive, soft robotics, and potentially tissue engineering. |
| title | Electric-Field-Controlled Chemical Reaction via Piezo-Chemistry Creates Programmable Material Stiffness |
| topic | Chemical Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06405 |