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Main Author: Akita, Dai
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06569
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author Akita, Dai
author_facet Akita, Dai
contents Standard practice obtains an unbiased variance estimator by dividing by $N-1$ rather than $N$. Yet if only half the data are used to compute the mean, dividing by $N$ can still yield an unbiased estimator. We show that an alternative mean estimator $\hat{X} = \sum c_n X_n$ can produce such an unbiased variance estimator with denominator $N$. These average-adjusted unbiased variance (AAUV) permit infinitely many unbiased forms, though each has larger variance than the usual sample variance. Moreover, permuting and symmetrizing any AAUV recovers the classical formula with denominator $N-1$. We further demonstrate a continuum of unbiased variances by interpolating between the standard and AAUV-based means. Extending this average-adjusting method to higher-order moments remains a topic for future work.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_06569
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An Unbiased Variance Estimator with Denominator $N$
Akita, Dai
Statistics Theory
62G05
Standard practice obtains an unbiased variance estimator by dividing by $N-1$ rather than $N$. Yet if only half the data are used to compute the mean, dividing by $N$ can still yield an unbiased estimator. We show that an alternative mean estimator $\hat{X} = \sum c_n X_n$ can produce such an unbiased variance estimator with denominator $N$. These average-adjusted unbiased variance (AAUV) permit infinitely many unbiased forms, though each has larger variance than the usual sample variance. Moreover, permuting and symmetrizing any AAUV recovers the classical formula with denominator $N-1$. We further demonstrate a continuum of unbiased variances by interpolating between the standard and AAUV-based means. Extending this average-adjusting method to higher-order moments remains a topic for future work.
title An Unbiased Variance Estimator with Denominator $N$
topic Statistics Theory
62G05
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06569