FOREVER22: Insights into star formation and clustering properties of protoclusters from simulations and JWST
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2025
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| author | Morokuma-Matsui, Kana Yajima, Hidenobu Abe, Makito |
| author_facet | Morokuma-Matsui, Kana Yajima, Hidenobu Abe, Makito |
| contents | Using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with radiative transfer, we investigate star formation and overdensity ($δ$) in Coma-type cluster progenitors from $z=14$ to 6. Our simulations reproduce observed $M_{\rm star}$-SFR relations and $δ$ at these redshifts. We find: (1) protocluster (PC) and mean-density field (MF) galaxies show similar $M_{\rm star}$-SFR relations, with PC galaxies extending to higher $M_{\rm star}$ and SFR. (2) UV-bright PC galaxies ($M_{\rm UV}\lesssim -20$~mag) have $>2$ mag higher UV attenuation and shallower UV slopes than MF galaxies. (3) $δ$ increases with redshift, depending on observational parameters (e.g., $δ\sim50$ at $z=14$ to $δ\sim3$ at $z=6$ for a search volume of $\sim3000$~cMpc$^3$ and a limiting magnitude of $M_{\rm UV}=-17$~mag). These results indicate that enhanced star formation in PCs is driven by massive galaxy overdensity, not anomalously high specific SFR. While simulated $δ$ agrees with observed PC candidates (potential Coma progenitors), some MF galaxies show comparable $δ$. We propose a robust PC identification method using both $δ$ and $M_{\rm star}$ of the most massive member. Critical $M_{\rm star}$ thresholds for Coma progenitors are estimated ($10^{7.1}$ to $10^{10.2}$ M$_\odot$ from $z=14$ to 6). Comparison with JWST observations suggests GS-z14-0 and GS-z14-1, the current highest redshift holders, are likely progenitors of Coma-type clusters. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_06788 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | FOREVER22: Insights into star formation and clustering properties of protoclusters from simulations and JWST Morokuma-Matsui, Kana Yajima, Hidenobu Abe, Makito Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with radiative transfer, we investigate star formation and overdensity ($δ$) in Coma-type cluster progenitors from $z=14$ to 6. Our simulations reproduce observed $M_{\rm star}$-SFR relations and $δ$ at these redshifts. We find: (1) protocluster (PC) and mean-density field (MF) galaxies show similar $M_{\rm star}$-SFR relations, with PC galaxies extending to higher $M_{\rm star}$ and SFR. (2) UV-bright PC galaxies ($M_{\rm UV}\lesssim -20$~mag) have $>2$ mag higher UV attenuation and shallower UV slopes than MF galaxies. (3) $δ$ increases with redshift, depending on observational parameters (e.g., $δ\sim50$ at $z=14$ to $δ\sim3$ at $z=6$ for a search volume of $\sim3000$~cMpc$^3$ and a limiting magnitude of $M_{\rm UV}=-17$~mag). These results indicate that enhanced star formation in PCs is driven by massive galaxy overdensity, not anomalously high specific SFR. While simulated $δ$ agrees with observed PC candidates (potential Coma progenitors), some MF galaxies show comparable $δ$. We propose a robust PC identification method using both $δ$ and $M_{\rm star}$ of the most massive member. Critical $M_{\rm star}$ thresholds for Coma progenitors are estimated ($10^{7.1}$ to $10^{10.2}$ M$_\odot$ from $z=14$ to 6). Comparison with JWST observations suggests GS-z14-0 and GS-z14-1, the current highest redshift holders, are likely progenitors of Coma-type clusters. |
| title | FOREVER22: Insights into star formation and clustering properties of protoclusters from simulations and JWST |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.06788 |