EnDive: A Cross-Dialect Benchmark for Fairness and Performance in Large Language Models
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | Gupta, Abhay Cheung, Jacob Meng, Philip Sayyed, Shayan Liao, Austen Zhu, Kevin O'Brien, Sean |
| author_facet | Gupta, Abhay Cheung, Jacob Meng, Philip Sayyed, Shayan Liao, Austen Zhu, Kevin O'Brien, Sean |
| contents | The diversity of human language, shaped by social, cultural, and regional influences, presents significant challenges for natural language processing (NLP) systems. Existing benchmarks often overlook intra-language variations, leaving speakers of non-standard dialects underserved. To address this gap, we introduce EnDive (English Diversity), a benchmark that evaluates five widely-used large language models (LLMs) across tasks in language understanding, algorithmic reasoning, mathematics, and logic. Our framework translates Standard American English datasets into five underrepresented dialects using few-shot prompting with verified examples from native speakers, and compare these translations against rule-based methods via fluency assessments, preference tests, and semantic similarity metrics. Human evaluations confirm high translation quality, with average scores of at least 6.02/7 for faithfulness, fluency, and formality. By filtering out near-identical translations, we create a challenging dataset that reveals significant performance disparities - models consistently underperform on dialectal inputs compared to Standard American English. EnDive thus advances dialect-aware NLP by uncovering model biases and promoting more equitable language technologies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_07100 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | EnDive: A Cross-Dialect Benchmark for Fairness and Performance in Large Language Models Gupta, Abhay Cheung, Jacob Meng, Philip Sayyed, Shayan Liao, Austen Zhu, Kevin O'Brien, Sean Computation and Language I.2.7 The diversity of human language, shaped by social, cultural, and regional influences, presents significant challenges for natural language processing (NLP) systems. Existing benchmarks often overlook intra-language variations, leaving speakers of non-standard dialects underserved. To address this gap, we introduce EnDive (English Diversity), a benchmark that evaluates five widely-used large language models (LLMs) across tasks in language understanding, algorithmic reasoning, mathematics, and logic. Our framework translates Standard American English datasets into five underrepresented dialects using few-shot prompting with verified examples from native speakers, and compare these translations against rule-based methods via fluency assessments, preference tests, and semantic similarity metrics. Human evaluations confirm high translation quality, with average scores of at least 6.02/7 for faithfulness, fluency, and formality. By filtering out near-identical translations, we create a challenging dataset that reveals significant performance disparities - models consistently underperform on dialectal inputs compared to Standard American English. EnDive thus advances dialect-aware NLP by uncovering model biases and promoting more equitable language technologies. |
| title | EnDive: A Cross-Dialect Benchmark for Fairness and Performance in Large Language Models |
| topic | Computation and Language I.2.7 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07100 |