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Autore principale: Benning, Felix
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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Accesso online:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08513
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author Benning, Felix
author_facet Benning, Felix
contents In sequential design strategies, common in geostatistics and Bayesian optimization, the selection of a new observation point $X_{n+1}$ of a random function $\mathbf f$ is informed by past data, captured by the filtration $\mathcal F_n=σ(\mathbf f(X_0),\dots,\mathbf f(X_n))$. The random nature of $X_{n+1}$ introduces measure-theoretic subtleties in deriving the conditional distribution $\mathbb P(\mathbf f(X_{n+1})\in A \mid \mathcal F_n)$. Practitioners often resort to a heuristic: treating $X_0,\dots, X_{n+1}$ as fixed parameters within the conditional probability calculation. This paper investigates the mathematical validity of this widespread practice. We construct a counterexample to prove that this approach is, in general, incorrect. We also establish our central positive result: for continuous Gaussian random functions and their canonical conditional distribution, the heuristic is sound. This provides a rigorous justification for a foundational technique in Bayesian optimization and spatial statistics. We further extend our analysis to include settings with noisy evaluations and to cases where $X_{n+1}$ is not adapted to $\mathcal F_n$ but is conditionally independent of $\mathbf f$ given the filtration.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_08513
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Measure Theory of Conditionally Independent Random Function Evaluation
Benning, Felix
Probability
Statistics Theory
60A10, 60G05, 60G15, 60G60
In sequential design strategies, common in geostatistics and Bayesian optimization, the selection of a new observation point $X_{n+1}$ of a random function $\mathbf f$ is informed by past data, captured by the filtration $\mathcal F_n=σ(\mathbf f(X_0),\dots,\mathbf f(X_n))$. The random nature of $X_{n+1}$ introduces measure-theoretic subtleties in deriving the conditional distribution $\mathbb P(\mathbf f(X_{n+1})\in A \mid \mathcal F_n)$. Practitioners often resort to a heuristic: treating $X_0,\dots, X_{n+1}$ as fixed parameters within the conditional probability calculation. This paper investigates the mathematical validity of this widespread practice. We construct a counterexample to prove that this approach is, in general, incorrect. We also establish our central positive result: for continuous Gaussian random functions and their canonical conditional distribution, the heuristic is sound. This provides a rigorous justification for a foundational technique in Bayesian optimization and spatial statistics. We further extend our analysis to include settings with noisy evaluations and to cases where $X_{n+1}$ is not adapted to $\mathcal F_n$ but is conditionally independent of $\mathbf f$ given the filtration.
title Measure Theory of Conditionally Independent Random Function Evaluation
topic Probability
Statistics Theory
60A10, 60G05, 60G15, 60G60
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08513