_version_ 1866909660505702400
author Eyles-Ferris, Rob A. J.
Jonker, Peter G.
Levan, Andrew J.
Malesani, Daniele Bjørn
Sarin, Nikhil
Fryer, Christopher L.
Rastinejad, Jillian C.
Burns, Eric
Tanvir, Nial R.
O'Brien, Paul T.
Fong, Wen-fai
Mandel, Ilya
Gompertz, Benjamin P.
Kilpatrick, Charles D.
Bloemen, Steven
Bright, Joe S.
Carotenuto, Francesco
Corcoran, Gregory
Cotter, Laura
Groot, Paul J.
Izzo, Luca
Laskar, Tanmoy
Martin-Carrillo, Antonio
Palmerio, Jesse
Ravasio, Maria E.
van Roestel, Jan
Saccardi, Andrea
Starling, Rhaana L. C.
Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh
Vergani, Susanna D.
Vreeswijk, Paul M.
Bauer, Franz E.
Campana, Sergio
Chacón, Jennifer A.
Chrimes, Ashley A.
Covino, Stefano
van Dalen, Joyce N. D.
D'Elia, Valerio
De Pasquale, Massimiliano
Habeeb, Nusrin
Hartmann, Dieter H.
van Hoof, Agnes P. C.
Jakobsson, Páll
Julakanti, Yashaswi
Leloudas, Giorgos
Sánchez, Daniel Mata
Nixon, Christopher J.
Pieterse, Daniëlle L. A.
Pugliese, Giavanna
Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan
Rayson, Ben C.
Salvaterra, Ruben
Schneider, Ben
Torres, Manuel A. P.
Zafar, Tayyaba
author_facet Eyles-Ferris, Rob A. J.
Jonker, Peter G.
Levan, Andrew J.
Malesani, Daniele Bjørn
Sarin, Nikhil
Fryer, Christopher L.
Rastinejad, Jillian C.
Burns, Eric
Tanvir, Nial R.
O'Brien, Paul T.
Fong, Wen-fai
Mandel, Ilya
Gompertz, Benjamin P.
Kilpatrick, Charles D.
Bloemen, Steven
Bright, Joe S.
Carotenuto, Francesco
Corcoran, Gregory
Cotter, Laura
Groot, Paul J.
Izzo, Luca
Laskar, Tanmoy
Martin-Carrillo, Antonio
Palmerio, Jesse
Ravasio, Maria E.
van Roestel, Jan
Saccardi, Andrea
Starling, Rhaana L. C.
Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh
Vergani, Susanna D.
Vreeswijk, Paul M.
Bauer, Franz E.
Campana, Sergio
Chacón, Jennifer A.
Chrimes, Ashley A.
Covino, Stefano
van Dalen, Joyce N. D.
D'Elia, Valerio
De Pasquale, Massimiliano
Habeeb, Nusrin
Hartmann, Dieter H.
van Hoof, Agnes P. C.
Jakobsson, Páll
Julakanti, Yashaswi
Leloudas, Giorgos
Sánchez, Daniel Mata
Nixon, Christopher J.
Pieterse, Daniëlle L. A.
Pugliese, Giavanna
Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan
Rayson, Ben C.
Salvaterra, Ruben
Schneider, Ben
Torres, Manuel A. P.
Zafar, Tayyaba
contents Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are a rare and poorly understood population of events. Previously difficult to detect in real time, the launch of the Einstein Probe with its wide field X-ray telescope has led to a rapid expansion in the sample and allowed the exploration of these transients across the electromagnetic spectrum. EP250108a is a recently detected example linked to an optical counterpart, SN 2025kg, or 'the kangaroo'. Together with a companion paper (Rastinejad et al. 2025), we present our observing campaign and analysis of this event. In this letter, we focus on the early evolution of the optical counterpart over the first six days, including our measurement of the redshift of $z=0.17641$. We find that the source is well-modelled by a rapidly expanding cooling blackbody. We show the observed X-ray and radio properties are consistent with a collapsar-powered jet that is low energy ($\lesssim10^{51}$ erg) and/or fails to break out of the dense material surrounding it. While we examine the possibility that the optical emission emerges from the shock produced as the supernova ejecta expand into a dense shell of circumstellar material, due to our X-ray and radio inferences, we favour a model where it arises from a shocked cocoon resulting from the trapped jet. This makes SN 2025kg one of the few examples of this currently observationally rare event.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_08886
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The kangaroo's first hop: the early fast cooling phase of EP250108a/SN 2025kg
Eyles-Ferris, Rob A. J.
Jonker, Peter G.
Levan, Andrew J.
Malesani, Daniele Bjørn
Sarin, Nikhil
Fryer, Christopher L.
Rastinejad, Jillian C.
Burns, Eric
Tanvir, Nial R.
O'Brien, Paul T.
Fong, Wen-fai
Mandel, Ilya
Gompertz, Benjamin P.
Kilpatrick, Charles D.
Bloemen, Steven
Bright, Joe S.
Carotenuto, Francesco
Corcoran, Gregory
Cotter, Laura
Groot, Paul J.
Izzo, Luca
Laskar, Tanmoy
Martin-Carrillo, Antonio
Palmerio, Jesse
Ravasio, Maria E.
van Roestel, Jan
Saccardi, Andrea
Starling, Rhaana L. C.
Thakur, Aishwarya Linesh
Vergani, Susanna D.
Vreeswijk, Paul M.
Bauer, Franz E.
Campana, Sergio
Chacón, Jennifer A.
Chrimes, Ashley A.
Covino, Stefano
van Dalen, Joyce N. D.
D'Elia, Valerio
De Pasquale, Massimiliano
Habeeb, Nusrin
Hartmann, Dieter H.
van Hoof, Agnes P. C.
Jakobsson, Páll
Julakanti, Yashaswi
Leloudas, Giorgos
Sánchez, Daniel Mata
Nixon, Christopher J.
Pieterse, Daniëlle L. A.
Pugliese, Giavanna
Quirola-Vásquez, Jonathan
Rayson, Ben C.
Salvaterra, Ruben
Schneider, Ben
Torres, Manuel A. P.
Zafar, Tayyaba
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Fast X-ray transients (FXTs) are a rare and poorly understood population of events. Previously difficult to detect in real time, the launch of the Einstein Probe with its wide field X-ray telescope has led to a rapid expansion in the sample and allowed the exploration of these transients across the electromagnetic spectrum. EP250108a is a recently detected example linked to an optical counterpart, SN 2025kg, or 'the kangaroo'. Together with a companion paper (Rastinejad et al. 2025), we present our observing campaign and analysis of this event. In this letter, we focus on the early evolution of the optical counterpart over the first six days, including our measurement of the redshift of $z=0.17641$. We find that the source is well-modelled by a rapidly expanding cooling blackbody. We show the observed X-ray and radio properties are consistent with a collapsar-powered jet that is low energy ($\lesssim10^{51}$ erg) and/or fails to break out of the dense material surrounding it. While we examine the possibility that the optical emission emerges from the shock produced as the supernova ejecta expand into a dense shell of circumstellar material, due to our X-ray and radio inferences, we favour a model where it arises from a shocked cocoon resulting from the trapped jet. This makes SN 2025kg one of the few examples of this currently observationally rare event.
title The kangaroo's first hop: the early fast cooling phase of EP250108a/SN 2025kg
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08886