High-Fidelity Quantum Entanglement Distribution in Metropolitan Fiber Networks with Co-propagating Classical Traffic
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866908879614377984 |
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| author | Sena, Matheus Flament, Mael Andrewski, Shane Caltzidis, Ioannis Bigagli, Niccolò Rieser, Thomas Portmann, Gabriel Bello Sekelsky, Rourke Braun, Ralf-Peter Craddock, Alexander N. Schulz, Maximilian Jöns, Klaus D. Ritter, Michaela Geitz, Marc Holschke, Oliver Namazi, Mehdi |
| author_facet | Sena, Matheus Flament, Mael Andrewski, Shane Caltzidis, Ioannis Bigagli, Niccolò Rieser, Thomas Portmann, Gabriel Bello Sekelsky, Rourke Braun, Ralf-Peter Craddock, Alexander N. Schulz, Maximilian Jöns, Klaus D. Ritter, Michaela Geitz, Marc Holschke, Oliver Namazi, Mehdi |
| contents | The Quantum Internet, a network of quantum-enabled infrastructure, represents the next frontier in telecommunications, promising capabilities that cannot be attained by classical counterparts. A crucial step in realizing such large-scale quantum networks is the integration of entanglement distribution within existing telecommunication infrastructure. Here, we demonstrate a real-world scalable quantum networking testbed deployed within Deutsche Telekom's metropolitan fibers in Berlin. Using commercially available quantum devices and standard add-drop multiplexing hardware, we distributed polarization-entangled photon pairs over dynamically selectable fiber paths ranging from 10~m to 60 km, and showed entanglement distribution over up to approximately 100~km. Quantum signals, transmitted at 1324~nm (O-band), coexist with conventional bidirectional C-band traffic without dedicated fibers or infrastructure changes. Active stabilization of the polarization enables robust long-term performance, achieving entanglement Bell-state fidelity bounds between 85-99% and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt parameter $S$-values between 2.36-2.74 during continuous multiday operation. By achieving a high-fidelity entanglement distribution with less than 1.5% downtime, we confirm the feasibility of hybrid quantum-classical networks under real-world conditions at the metropolitan scale. These results establish deployment benchmarks and provide a practical roadmap for telecom operators to integrate quantum capabilities. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_08927 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | High-Fidelity Quantum Entanglement Distribution in Metropolitan Fiber Networks with Co-propagating Classical Traffic Sena, Matheus Flament, Mael Andrewski, Shane Caltzidis, Ioannis Bigagli, Niccolò Rieser, Thomas Portmann, Gabriel Bello Sekelsky, Rourke Braun, Ralf-Peter Craddock, Alexander N. Schulz, Maximilian Jöns, Klaus D. Ritter, Michaela Geitz, Marc Holschke, Oliver Namazi, Mehdi Quantum Physics The Quantum Internet, a network of quantum-enabled infrastructure, represents the next frontier in telecommunications, promising capabilities that cannot be attained by classical counterparts. A crucial step in realizing such large-scale quantum networks is the integration of entanglement distribution within existing telecommunication infrastructure. Here, we demonstrate a real-world scalable quantum networking testbed deployed within Deutsche Telekom's metropolitan fibers in Berlin. Using commercially available quantum devices and standard add-drop multiplexing hardware, we distributed polarization-entangled photon pairs over dynamically selectable fiber paths ranging from 10~m to 60 km, and showed entanglement distribution over up to approximately 100~km. Quantum signals, transmitted at 1324~nm (O-band), coexist with conventional bidirectional C-band traffic without dedicated fibers or infrastructure changes. Active stabilization of the polarization enables robust long-term performance, achieving entanglement Bell-state fidelity bounds between 85-99% and Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt parameter $S$-values between 2.36-2.74 during continuous multiday operation. By achieving a high-fidelity entanglement distribution with less than 1.5% downtime, we confirm the feasibility of hybrid quantum-classical networks under real-world conditions at the metropolitan scale. These results establish deployment benchmarks and provide a practical roadmap for telecom operators to integrate quantum capabilities. |
| title | High-Fidelity Quantum Entanglement Distribution in Metropolitan Fiber Networks with Co-propagating Classical Traffic |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.08927 |