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Main Authors: Grenander, Matt, Varia, Siddharth, Czarnowska, Paula, Vyas, Yogarshi, Halder, Kishaloy, Min, Bonan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09071
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author Grenander, Matt
Varia, Siddharth
Czarnowska, Paula
Vyas, Yogarshi
Halder, Kishaloy
Min, Bonan
author_facet Grenander, Matt
Varia, Siddharth
Czarnowska, Paula
Vyas, Yogarshi
Halder, Kishaloy
Min, Bonan
contents Plan-guided summarization attempts to reduce hallucinations in small language models (SLMs) by grounding generated summaries to the source text, typically by targeting fine-grained details such as dates or named entities. In this work, we investigate whether plan-based approaches in SLMs improve summarization in long document, narrative tasks. Narrative texts' length and complexity often mean they are difficult to summarize faithfully. We analyze existing plan-guided solutions targeting fine-grained details, and also propose our own higher-level, narrative-based plan formulation. Our results show that neither approach significantly improves on a baseline without planning in either summary quality or faithfulness. Human evaluation reveals that while plan-guided approaches are often well grounded to their plan, plans are equally likely to contain hallucinations compared to summaries. As a result, the plan-guided summaries are just as unfaithful as those from models without planning. Our work serves as a cautionary tale to plan-guided approaches to summarization, especially for long, complex domains such as narrative texts. Code available at https://github.com/amazon-science/plan-guided-summarization
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_09071
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Exploration of Plan-Guided Summarization for Narrative Texts: the Case of Small Language Models
Grenander, Matt
Varia, Siddharth
Czarnowska, Paula
Vyas, Yogarshi
Halder, Kishaloy
Min, Bonan
Computation and Language
Plan-guided summarization attempts to reduce hallucinations in small language models (SLMs) by grounding generated summaries to the source text, typically by targeting fine-grained details such as dates or named entities. In this work, we investigate whether plan-based approaches in SLMs improve summarization in long document, narrative tasks. Narrative texts' length and complexity often mean they are difficult to summarize faithfully. We analyze existing plan-guided solutions targeting fine-grained details, and also propose our own higher-level, narrative-based plan formulation. Our results show that neither approach significantly improves on a baseline without planning in either summary quality or faithfulness. Human evaluation reveals that while plan-guided approaches are often well grounded to their plan, plans are equally likely to contain hallucinations compared to summaries. As a result, the plan-guided summaries are just as unfaithful as those from models without planning. Our work serves as a cautionary tale to plan-guided approaches to summarization, especially for long, complex domains such as narrative texts. Code available at https://github.com/amazon-science/plan-guided-summarization
title Exploration of Plan-Guided Summarization for Narrative Texts: the Case of Small Language Models
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09071