Dominated Actions in Imperfect-Information Games

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Ganzfried, Sam
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Ganzfried, Sam
author_facet Ganzfried, Sam
contents Dominance is a fundamental concept in game theory. In normal-form games dominated strategies can be identified in polynomial time. As a consequence, iterative removal of dominated strategies can be performed efficiently as a preprocessing step for reducing the size of a game before computing a Nash equilibrium. For imperfect-information games in extensive form, we could convert the game to normal form and then iteratively remove dominated strategies in the same way; however, this conversion may cause an exponential blowup in game size. In this paper we define and study the concept of dominated actions in imperfect-information games. Our main result is a polynomial-time algorithm for determining whether an action is dominated (strictly or weakly) by any mixed strategy in two-player perfect-recall games with publicly observable actions, which can be extended to iteratively remove dominated actions. This allows us to efficiently reduce the size of the game tree as a preprocessing step for Nash equilibrium computation. We explore the role of dominated actions empirically in "All In or Fold" No-Limit Texas Hold'em poker.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_09716
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dominated Actions in Imperfect-Information Games
Ganzfried, Sam
Computer Science and Game Theory
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
Theoretical Economics
Dominance is a fundamental concept in game theory. In normal-form games dominated strategies can be identified in polynomial time. As a consequence, iterative removal of dominated strategies can be performed efficiently as a preprocessing step for reducing the size of a game before computing a Nash equilibrium. For imperfect-information games in extensive form, we could convert the game to normal form and then iteratively remove dominated strategies in the same way; however, this conversion may cause an exponential blowup in game size. In this paper we define and study the concept of dominated actions in imperfect-information games. Our main result is a polynomial-time algorithm for determining whether an action is dominated (strictly or weakly) by any mixed strategy in two-player perfect-recall games with publicly observable actions, which can be extended to iteratively remove dominated actions. This allows us to efficiently reduce the size of the game tree as a preprocessing step for Nash equilibrium computation. We explore the role of dominated actions empirically in "All In or Fold" No-Limit Texas Hold'em poker.
title Dominated Actions in Imperfect-Information Games
topic Computer Science and Game Theory
Artificial Intelligence
Multiagent Systems
Theoretical Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.09716