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Main Authors: Yang, Jingyun, Yin, Ruoyan Avery, Jiang, Chi, Hu, Yuepeng, Zhu, Xiaokai, Hu, Xingjian, Kumar, Sutharsika, Wang, Xiao, Zhai, Xiaohua, Rong, Keran, Zhu, Yunyue, Zhang, Tianyi, Yin, Zongyou, Kong, Jing, Gong, Neil Zhenqiang, Ren, Zhichu, Wang, Haozhe
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10281
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author Yang, Jingyun
Yin, Ruoyan Avery
Jiang, Chi
Hu, Yuepeng
Zhu, Xiaokai
Hu, Xingjian
Kumar, Sutharsika
Wang, Xiao
Zhai, Xiaohua
Rong, Keran
Zhu, Yunyue
Zhang, Tianyi
Yin, Zongyou
Kong, Jing
Gong, Neil Zhenqiang
Ren, Zhichu
Wang, Haozhe
author_facet Yang, Jingyun
Yin, Ruoyan Avery
Jiang, Chi
Hu, Yuepeng
Zhu, Xiaokai
Hu, Xingjian
Kumar, Sutharsika
Wang, Xiao
Zhai, Xiaohua
Rong, Keran
Zhu, Yunyue
Zhang, Tianyi
Yin, Zongyou
Kong, Jing
Gong, Neil Zhenqiang
Ren, Zhichu
Wang, Haozhe
contents Characterization of atomic-scale materials traditionally requires human experts with months to years of specialized training. Even for trained human operators, accurate and reliable characterization remains challenging when examining newly discovered materials such as two-dimensional (2D) structures. This bottleneck drives demand for fully autonomous experimentation systems capable of comprehending research objectives without requiring large training datasets. In this work, we present ATOMIC (Autonomous Technology for Optical Microscopy & Intelligent Characterization), an end-to-end framework that integrates foundation models to enable fully autonomous, zero-shot characterization of 2D materials. Our system integrates the vision foundation model (i.e., Segment Anything Model), large language models (i.e., ChatGPT), unsupervised clustering, and topological analysis to automate microscope control, sample scanning, image segmentation, and intelligent analysis through prompt engineering, eliminating the need for additional training. When analyzing typical MoS2 samples, our approach achieves 99.7% segmentation accuracy for single layer identification, which is equivalent to that of human experts. In addition, the integrated model is able to detect grain boundary slits that are challenging to identify with human eyes. Furthermore, the system retains robust accuracy despite variable conditions including defocus, color temperature fluctuations, and exposure variations. It is applicable to a broad spectrum of common 2D materials-including graphene, MoS2, WSe2, SnSe-regardless of whether they were fabricated via chemical vapor deposition or mechanical exfoliation. This work represents the implementation of foundation models to achieve autonomous analysis, establishing a scalable and data-efficient characterization paradigm that fundamentally transforms the approach to nanoscale materials research.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_10281
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Zero-shot Autonomous Microscopy for Scalable and Intelligent Characterization of 2D Materials
Yang, Jingyun
Yin, Ruoyan Avery
Jiang, Chi
Hu, Yuepeng
Zhu, Xiaokai
Hu, Xingjian
Kumar, Sutharsika
Wang, Xiao
Zhai, Xiaohua
Rong, Keran
Zhu, Yunyue
Zhang, Tianyi
Yin, Zongyou
Kong, Jing
Gong, Neil Zhenqiang
Ren, Zhichu
Wang, Haozhe
Materials Science
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Characterization of atomic-scale materials traditionally requires human experts with months to years of specialized training. Even for trained human operators, accurate and reliable characterization remains challenging when examining newly discovered materials such as two-dimensional (2D) structures. This bottleneck drives demand for fully autonomous experimentation systems capable of comprehending research objectives without requiring large training datasets. In this work, we present ATOMIC (Autonomous Technology for Optical Microscopy & Intelligent Characterization), an end-to-end framework that integrates foundation models to enable fully autonomous, zero-shot characterization of 2D materials. Our system integrates the vision foundation model (i.e., Segment Anything Model), large language models (i.e., ChatGPT), unsupervised clustering, and topological analysis to automate microscope control, sample scanning, image segmentation, and intelligent analysis through prompt engineering, eliminating the need for additional training. When analyzing typical MoS2 samples, our approach achieves 99.7% segmentation accuracy for single layer identification, which is equivalent to that of human experts. In addition, the integrated model is able to detect grain boundary slits that are challenging to identify with human eyes. Furthermore, the system retains robust accuracy despite variable conditions including defocus, color temperature fluctuations, and exposure variations. It is applicable to a broad spectrum of common 2D materials-including graphene, MoS2, WSe2, SnSe-regardless of whether they were fabricated via chemical vapor deposition or mechanical exfoliation. This work represents the implementation of foundation models to achieve autonomous analysis, establishing a scalable and data-efficient characterization paradigm that fundamentally transforms the approach to nanoscale materials research.
title Zero-shot Autonomous Microscopy for Scalable and Intelligent Characterization of 2D Materials
topic Materials Science
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10281