Mosaic: Client-driven Account Allocation Framework in Sharded Blockchains
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866917986086944768 |
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| author | Zhang, Yuanzhe Pan, Shirui Yu, Jiangshan |
| author_facet | Zhang, Yuanzhe Pan, Shirui Yu, Jiangshan |
| contents | Recent account allocation studies in sharded blockchains are typically miner-driven, requiring miners to perform global optimizations for all accounts to enhance system-wide performance. This forces each miner to maintain a complete copy of the entire ledger, resulting in significant storage, communication, and computation overhead.
In this work, we explore an alternative research direction by proposing Mosaic, the first client-driven framework for distributed, lightweight local optimization. Rather than relying on miners to allocate all accounts, Mosaic enables clients to independently execute a local algorithm to determine their residing shards. Clients can submit migration requests to a beacon chain when relocation is necessary. Mosaic naturally addresses key limitations of miner-driven approaches, including the lack of miner incentives and the significant overhead. While clients are flexible to adopt any algorithm for shard allocation, we design and implement a reference algorithm, Pilot, to guide them. Clients execute Pilot to maximize their own benefits, such as reduced transaction fees and confirmation latency.
On a real-world Ethereum dataset, we implement and evaluate Pilot against state-of-the-art miner-driven global optimization solutions. The results demonstrate that Mosaic significantly enhances computational efficiency, achieving a four-order-of-magnitude reduction in computation time, with the reduced input data size from 1.44 GB to an average of 228.66 bytes per account. Despite these efficiency gains, Pilot introduces only about a 5% increase in the cross-shard ratio and maintains approximately 98% of the system throughput, demonstrating a minimal trade-off in overall effectiveness. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_10846 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Mosaic: Client-driven Account Allocation Framework in Sharded Blockchains Zhang, Yuanzhe Pan, Shirui Yu, Jiangshan Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing Databases Computer Science and Game Theory Recent account allocation studies in sharded blockchains are typically miner-driven, requiring miners to perform global optimizations for all accounts to enhance system-wide performance. This forces each miner to maintain a complete copy of the entire ledger, resulting in significant storage, communication, and computation overhead. In this work, we explore an alternative research direction by proposing Mosaic, the first client-driven framework for distributed, lightweight local optimization. Rather than relying on miners to allocate all accounts, Mosaic enables clients to independently execute a local algorithm to determine their residing shards. Clients can submit migration requests to a beacon chain when relocation is necessary. Mosaic naturally addresses key limitations of miner-driven approaches, including the lack of miner incentives and the significant overhead. While clients are flexible to adopt any algorithm for shard allocation, we design and implement a reference algorithm, Pilot, to guide them. Clients execute Pilot to maximize their own benefits, such as reduced transaction fees and confirmation latency. On a real-world Ethereum dataset, we implement and evaluate Pilot against state-of-the-art miner-driven global optimization solutions. The results demonstrate that Mosaic significantly enhances computational efficiency, achieving a four-order-of-magnitude reduction in computation time, with the reduced input data size from 1.44 GB to an average of 228.66 bytes per account. Despite these efficiency gains, Pilot introduces only about a 5% increase in the cross-shard ratio and maintains approximately 98% of the system throughput, demonstrating a minimal trade-off in overall effectiveness. |
| title | Mosaic: Client-driven Account Allocation Framework in Sharded Blockchains |
| topic | Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing Databases Computer Science and Game Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10846 |