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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10847 |
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| _version_ | 1866915501208240128 |
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| author | Das, Saikat Zhang, Bing Razzaque, Soebur Xu, Siyao |
| author_facet | Das, Saikat Zhang, Bing Razzaque, Soebur Xu, Siyao |
| contents | The detection of a $\simeq220$~PeV muon neutrino event by the KM3NeT telescope offers an unprecedented opportunity to probe the Universe at extreme energies. A photopion interaction origin of the neutrino requires a parent cosmic-ray energy of $\gtrsim4$~EeV per nucleon. We analyze the origin of this event under three scenarios, i.e., a transient point source, diffuse astrophysical emission, and a line-of-sight interaction of an ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR; $E\gtrsim 0.1$~EeV). Our analysis includes the flux from both a KM3NeT-only fit and a joint fit, incorporating data from KM3NeT, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory. If the neutrino event originates from transients, it requires a new population of transients that is energetic, $γ$-ray dark, and more abundant than the known ones. In the framework of diffuse astrophysical emission, we compare the required local UHECR energy injection rate at $\gtrsim4$ EeV with the rate derived from the flux measurements by Auger, across various source redshift evolution models. This disfavors the KM3NeT-only fit considering the source evolution up to high values of redshift, while the joint fit remains viable for sources contributing up to a maximum redshift $z_{\rm max} \gtrsim 1$ for the limiting case of photopion interaction efficiency, $f_{pγ} = 0.1$. For a cosmogenic origin from point sources, the luminosity obtained at redshifts $z \lesssim 1$ from the joint fit is compatible with the Eddington luminosity of $\sim10^9 M_\odot$ black holes in active galactic nuclei, assuming a proton composition and optimistic values of extragalactic magnetic field strength. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_10847 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A Das, Saikat Zhang, Bing Razzaque, Soebur Xu, Siyao High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena The detection of a $\simeq220$~PeV muon neutrino event by the KM3NeT telescope offers an unprecedented opportunity to probe the Universe at extreme energies. A photopion interaction origin of the neutrino requires a parent cosmic-ray energy of $\gtrsim4$~EeV per nucleon. We analyze the origin of this event under three scenarios, i.e., a transient point source, diffuse astrophysical emission, and a line-of-sight interaction of an ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR; $E\gtrsim 0.1$~EeV). Our analysis includes the flux from both a KM3NeT-only fit and a joint fit, incorporating data from KM3NeT, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory. If the neutrino event originates from transients, it requires a new population of transients that is energetic, $γ$-ray dark, and more abundant than the known ones. In the framework of diffuse astrophysical emission, we compare the required local UHECR energy injection rate at $\gtrsim4$ EeV with the rate derived from the flux measurements by Auger, across various source redshift evolution models. This disfavors the KM3NeT-only fit considering the source evolution up to high values of redshift, while the joint fit remains viable for sources contributing up to a maximum redshift $z_{\rm max} \gtrsim 1$ for the limiting case of photopion interaction efficiency, $f_{pγ} = 0.1$. For a cosmogenic origin from point sources, the luminosity obtained at redshifts $z \lesssim 1$ from the joint fit is compatible with the Eddington luminosity of $\sim10^9 M_\odot$ black holes in active galactic nuclei, assuming a proton composition and optimistic values of extragalactic magnetic field strength. |
| title | Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10847 |