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Hauptverfasser: Das, Saikat, Zhang, Bing, Razzaque, Soebur, Xu, Siyao
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10847
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author Das, Saikat
Zhang, Bing
Razzaque, Soebur
Xu, Siyao
author_facet Das, Saikat
Zhang, Bing
Razzaque, Soebur
Xu, Siyao
contents The detection of a $\simeq220$~PeV muon neutrino event by the KM3NeT telescope offers an unprecedented opportunity to probe the Universe at extreme energies. A photopion interaction origin of the neutrino requires a parent cosmic-ray energy of $\gtrsim4$~EeV per nucleon. We analyze the origin of this event under three scenarios, i.e., a transient point source, diffuse astrophysical emission, and a line-of-sight interaction of an ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR; $E\gtrsim 0.1$~EeV). Our analysis includes the flux from both a KM3NeT-only fit and a joint fit, incorporating data from KM3NeT, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory. If the neutrino event originates from transients, it requires a new population of transients that is energetic, $γ$-ray dark, and more abundant than the known ones. In the framework of diffuse astrophysical emission, we compare the required local UHECR energy injection rate at $\gtrsim4$ EeV with the rate derived from the flux measurements by Auger, across various source redshift evolution models. This disfavors the KM3NeT-only fit considering the source evolution up to high values of redshift, while the joint fit remains viable for sources contributing up to a maximum redshift $z_{\rm max} \gtrsim 1$ for the limiting case of photopion interaction efficiency, $f_{pγ} = 0.1$. For a cosmogenic origin from point sources, the luminosity obtained at redshifts $z \lesssim 1$ from the joint fit is compatible with the Eddington luminosity of $\sim10^9 M_\odot$ black holes in active galactic nuclei, assuming a proton composition and optimistic values of extragalactic magnetic field strength.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_10847
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A
Das, Saikat
Zhang, Bing
Razzaque, Soebur
Xu, Siyao
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
The detection of a $\simeq220$~PeV muon neutrino event by the KM3NeT telescope offers an unprecedented opportunity to probe the Universe at extreme energies. A photopion interaction origin of the neutrino requires a parent cosmic-ray energy of $\gtrsim4$~EeV per nucleon. We analyze the origin of this event under three scenarios, i.e., a transient point source, diffuse astrophysical emission, and a line-of-sight interaction of an ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray (UHECR; $E\gtrsim 0.1$~EeV). Our analysis includes the flux from both a KM3NeT-only fit and a joint fit, incorporating data from KM3NeT, IceCube, and the Pierre Auger Observatory. If the neutrino event originates from transients, it requires a new population of transients that is energetic, $γ$-ray dark, and more abundant than the known ones. In the framework of diffuse astrophysical emission, we compare the required local UHECR energy injection rate at $\gtrsim4$ EeV with the rate derived from the flux measurements by Auger, across various source redshift evolution models. This disfavors the KM3NeT-only fit considering the source evolution up to high values of redshift, while the joint fit remains viable for sources contributing up to a maximum redshift $z_{\rm max} \gtrsim 1$ for the limiting case of photopion interaction efficiency, $f_{pγ} = 0.1$. For a cosmogenic origin from point sources, the luminosity obtained at redshifts $z \lesssim 1$ from the joint fit is compatible with the Eddington luminosity of $\sim10^9 M_\odot$ black holes in active galactic nuclei, assuming a proton composition and optimistic values of extragalactic magnetic field strength.
title Cosmic-Ray Constraints on the Flux of Ultra-High-Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A
topic High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10847