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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11314 |
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| _version_ | 1866915244060704768 |
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| author | Wang, Xin-Yang Jiang, Jie |
| author_facet | Wang, Xin-Yang Jiang, Jie |
| contents | The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in low-energy effective modified gravity theories related to quantum gravity is derived solely by considering linear perturbations within quasi-static processes. Since astrophysical processes are typically non-quasi-static, deriving a rigorous expression for entropy within the quasi-static framework is not feasible. By treating the effective quantum corrections as first-order perturbations, the black hole entropy in Einstein-Maxwell gravity with generalized quadratic corrections for arbitrary dynamical processes is derived. This entropy is distinct from the Iyer-Wald and Dong-Wald entropies and is applicable to non-quasi-static processes. Furthermore, it is shown that the black hole entropy is consistent with the generalized covariant entropy boundary. This work establishes a framework for examining the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics in non-static processes within modified gravity theories. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_11314 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Second Law of Black Holes Thermodynamics in Non-Quasi-Static Processes Wang, Xin-Yang Jiang, Jie General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in low-energy effective modified gravity theories related to quantum gravity is derived solely by considering linear perturbations within quasi-static processes. Since astrophysical processes are typically non-quasi-static, deriving a rigorous expression for entropy within the quasi-static framework is not feasible. By treating the effective quantum corrections as first-order perturbations, the black hole entropy in Einstein-Maxwell gravity with generalized quadratic corrections for arbitrary dynamical processes is derived. This entropy is distinct from the Iyer-Wald and Dong-Wald entropies and is applicable to non-quasi-static processes. Furthermore, it is shown that the black hole entropy is consistent with the generalized covariant entropy boundary. This work establishes a framework for examining the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics in non-static processes within modified gravity theories. |
| title | Second Law of Black Holes Thermodynamics in Non-Quasi-Static Processes |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11314 |