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Main Authors: Wang, Xin-Yang, Jiang, Jie
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11314
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author Wang, Xin-Yang
Jiang, Jie
author_facet Wang, Xin-Yang
Jiang, Jie
contents The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in low-energy effective modified gravity theories related to quantum gravity is derived solely by considering linear perturbations within quasi-static processes. Since astrophysical processes are typically non-quasi-static, deriving a rigorous expression for entropy within the quasi-static framework is not feasible. By treating the effective quantum corrections as first-order perturbations, the black hole entropy in Einstein-Maxwell gravity with generalized quadratic corrections for arbitrary dynamical processes is derived. This entropy is distinct from the Iyer-Wald and Dong-Wald entropies and is applicable to non-quasi-static processes. Furthermore, it is shown that the black hole entropy is consistent with the generalized covariant entropy boundary. This work establishes a framework for examining the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics in non-static processes within modified gravity theories.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_11314
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Second Law of Black Holes Thermodynamics in Non-Quasi-Static Processes
Wang, Xin-Yang
Jiang, Jie
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy satisfies the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics for arbitrary thermodynamic evolution within Einstein-Maxwell theory. In contrast, the black hole entropy that satisfies the second law in low-energy effective modified gravity theories related to quantum gravity is derived solely by considering linear perturbations within quasi-static processes. Since astrophysical processes are typically non-quasi-static, deriving a rigorous expression for entropy within the quasi-static framework is not feasible. By treating the effective quantum corrections as first-order perturbations, the black hole entropy in Einstein-Maxwell gravity with generalized quadratic corrections for arbitrary dynamical processes is derived. This entropy is distinct from the Iyer-Wald and Dong-Wald entropies and is applicable to non-quasi-static processes. Furthermore, it is shown that the black hole entropy is consistent with the generalized covariant entropy boundary. This work establishes a framework for examining the generalized second law of black hole thermodynamics in non-static processes within modified gravity theories.
title Second Law of Black Holes Thermodynamics in Non-Quasi-Static Processes
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11314