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Constraining Lens Masses in Moderately to Highly Magnified Microlensing Events from Gaia

Fuente: arXiv

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Auteurs principaux:	Pylypenko, U., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Mikołajczyk, P. J., Kotysz, K., Zielinski, P., Ihanec, N., Wicker, M., Ratajczak, M., Sitek, M., Howil, K., Jablonska, M., Kaczmarek, Z., Kruszynska, K., Udalski, A., Damljanovic, G., Stojanovic, M., Jovanovic, M. D., Kvernadze, T., Kvaratskhelia, O., Zejmo, M., Brincat, S. M., Qvam, J. K. T., Güver, T., Bachelet, E., Rybicki, K. A., Garofalo, A., Zdanavicius, J., Pakstiene, E., Zola, S., Kurowski, S., Reichart, D. E., Davidson Jr., J. W., Burgaz, U., Rivet, J. P., Jelinek, M., Popowicz, A., Esenoglu, H. H., Sonbas, E., Carrasco, J. M., Awiphan, S., Tasuya, O., Godunova, V., Simon, A., Fukui, A., Galdies, C., Bąkowska, K., Hofbauer, P., Gurgul, A., Joachimczyk, B., Dominik, M., Cusano, F., Ilyin, I., Tsapras, Y., Street, R. A., Hundertmark, M., Bozza, V., Rota, P., Cassan, A., Wambsganss, J., Jaimes, R. Figuera
Format:	Preprint
Publié:	2025
Sujets:	Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Accès en ligne:	Acceder al recurso
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_version_	1866909989284610048
author	Pylypenko, U. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Mikołajczyk, P. J. Kotysz, K. Zielinski, P. Ihanec, N. Wicker, M. Ratajczak, M. Sitek, M. Howil, K. Jablonska, M. Kaczmarek, Z. Kruszynska, K. Udalski, A. Damljanovic, G. Stojanovic, M. Jovanovic, M. D. Kvernadze, T. Kvaratskhelia, O. Zejmo, M. Brincat, S. M. Qvam, J. K. T. Güver, T. Bachelet, E. Rybicki, K. A. Garofalo, A. Zdanavicius, J. Pakstiene, E. Zola, S. Kurowski, S. Reichart, D. E. Davidson Jr., J. W. Burgaz, U. Rivet, J. P. Jelinek, M. Popowicz, A. Esenoglu, H. H. Sonbas, E. Carrasco, J. M. Awiphan, S. Tasuya, O. Godunova, V. Simon, A. Fukui, A. Galdies, C. Bąkowska, K. Hofbauer, P. Gurgul, A. Joachimczyk, B. Dominik, M. Cusano, F. Ilyin, I. Tsapras, Y. Street, R. A. Hundertmark, M. Bozza, V. Rota, P. Cassan, A. Wambsganss, J. Jaimes, R. Figuera
author_facet	Pylypenko, U. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Mikołajczyk, P. J. Kotysz, K. Zielinski, P. Ihanec, N. Wicker, M. Ratajczak, M. Sitek, M. Howil, K. Jablonska, M. Kaczmarek, Z. Kruszynska, K. Udalski, A. Damljanovic, G. Stojanovic, M. Jovanovic, M. D. Kvernadze, T. Kvaratskhelia, O. Zejmo, M. Brincat, S. M. Qvam, J. K. T. Güver, T. Bachelet, E. Rybicki, K. A. Garofalo, A. Zdanavicius, J. Pakstiene, E. Zola, S. Kurowski, S. Reichart, D. E. Davidson Jr., J. W. Burgaz, U. Rivet, J. P. Jelinek, M. Popowicz, A. Esenoglu, H. H. Sonbas, E. Carrasco, J. M. Awiphan, S. Tasuya, O. Godunova, V. Simon, A. Fukui, A. Galdies, C. Bąkowska, K. Hofbauer, P. Gurgul, A. Joachimczyk, B. Dominik, M. Cusano, F. Ilyin, I. Tsapras, Y. Street, R. A. Hundertmark, M. Bozza, V. Rota, P. Cassan, A. Wambsganss, J. Jaimes, R. Figuera
contents	Microlensing events provide a unique way to detect and measure the masses of isolated, non-luminous objects, particularly dark stellar remnants. Under certain conditions, it is possible to measure the mass of these objects using photometry alone, specifically when a microlensing light curve displays a finite source (FS) effect. This effect generally occurs in highly magnified light curves, i.e. when the source and the lens are very well aligned. In this study, we analyse Gaia Alerts and Gaia Data Release 3 datasets, identifying four moderate-to-high-magnification microlensing events without a discernible FS effect. The absence of this effect suggests a large Einstein radius, implying substantial lens masses. In each event, we constrained the FS effect, and therefore established lower limits for the angular Einstein radius and lens mass. Additionally, we used the DarkLensCode software to obtain the mass, distance, and brightness distribution for the lens based on the Galactic model. Our analysis established lower mass limits of $\sim 0.7$ $M_{\odot}$ for one lens and $\sim 0.3-0.5$ $M_{\odot}$ for two others. A DarkLensCode analysis supports these findings, estimating lens masses in the range of $\sim 0.42-1.70$ $M_{\odot}$ and dark lens probabilities exceeding 80%. These results strongly indicate that the lenses are stellar remnants, such as white dwarfs or neutron stars. While further investigations are required to confirm the nature of these lenses, we demonstrate a straightforward yet effective approach to identifying stellar remnant candidates.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2504_11546
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2025
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Constraining Lens Masses in Moderately to Highly Magnified Microlensing Events from Gaia Pylypenko, U. Wyrzykowski, Ł. Mikołajczyk, P. J. Kotysz, K. Zielinski, P. Ihanec, N. Wicker, M. Ratajczak, M. Sitek, M. Howil, K. Jablonska, M. Kaczmarek, Z. Kruszynska, K. Udalski, A. Damljanovic, G. Stojanovic, M. Jovanovic, M. D. Kvernadze, T. Kvaratskhelia, O. Zejmo, M. Brincat, S. M. Qvam, J. K. T. Güver, T. Bachelet, E. Rybicki, K. A. Garofalo, A. Zdanavicius, J. Pakstiene, E. Zola, S. Kurowski, S. Reichart, D. E. Davidson Jr., J. W. Burgaz, U. Rivet, J. P. Jelinek, M. Popowicz, A. Esenoglu, H. H. Sonbas, E. Carrasco, J. M. Awiphan, S. Tasuya, O. Godunova, V. Simon, A. Fukui, A. Galdies, C. Bąkowska, K. Hofbauer, P. Gurgul, A. Joachimczyk, B. Dominik, M. Cusano, F. Ilyin, I. Tsapras, Y. Street, R. A. Hundertmark, M. Bozza, V. Rota, P. Cassan, A. Wambsganss, J. Jaimes, R. Figuera Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Microlensing events provide a unique way to detect and measure the masses of isolated, non-luminous objects, particularly dark stellar remnants. Under certain conditions, it is possible to measure the mass of these objects using photometry alone, specifically when a microlensing light curve displays a finite source (FS) effect. This effect generally occurs in highly magnified light curves, i.e. when the source and the lens are very well aligned. In this study, we analyse Gaia Alerts and Gaia Data Release 3 datasets, identifying four moderate-to-high-magnification microlensing events without a discernible FS effect. The absence of this effect suggests a large Einstein radius, implying substantial lens masses. In each event, we constrained the FS effect, and therefore established lower limits for the angular Einstein radius and lens mass. Additionally, we used the DarkLensCode software to obtain the mass, distance, and brightness distribution for the lens based on the Galactic model. Our analysis established lower mass limits of $\sim 0.7$ $M_{\odot}$ for one lens and $\sim 0.3-0.5$ $M_{\odot}$ for two others. A DarkLensCode analysis supports these findings, estimating lens masses in the range of $\sim 0.42-1.70$ $M_{\odot}$ and dark lens probabilities exceeding 80%. These results strongly indicate that the lenses are stellar remnants, such as white dwarfs or neutron stars. While further investigations are required to confirm the nature of these lenses, we demonstrate a straightforward yet effective approach to identifying stellar remnant candidates.
title	Constraining Lens Masses in Moderately to Highly Magnified Microlensing Events from Gaia
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.11546